DNA: Micro RNAs & Etc

Question 0

miRNas and siRNAs are typically _______ nucleotides in length.

Answer 0

21-25

Question 1

Cause inhibition of gene expression by decreasing specific protein production

Answer 1

Micro RNAs/miRNAs, and small interfering RNAs/siRNAs

Question 2

Represent exciting new potential targets for therapeutic drug development

Answer 2

miRNAs & siRNAs

Question 3

Binds to matching pieces of messenger RNA to make it double stranded and decrease the production of the corresponding protein.

Answer 3

Micro-RNA

Question 4

Are double stranded RNA molecules. It is involved in the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway where the siRNA interferes with the expression of a specific gene.

Answer 4

siRNA

Question 5

Other name for siRNA

Answer 5

Short Interfering RNA or Silencing RNA

Question 6

Is a mechanism for RNA-guided regulation of gene expression in which double-stranded ribonucleic acid inhibits the expression of genes with complementary nucleotide sequences

Answer 6

RNA interference

Question 7

The RNAi pathway is initiated by the enzyme _______, which cleaves double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) to short double-stranded fragments of _______ base pairs.

Answer 7

Dicer. 20-25.

Question 8

Is a multi-protein siRNAs complex which cleaves (incoming virals) dsRNA. When it finds the complementary strand, it activates ______ activity and cleaves the RNA.

Answer 8

RNA-induced silencing complex or RISC. RNAse.

Question 9

In RISC, the process is important both in gene regulation by ______ and in defense against viral infections, which often use ________ as an infectious vector.

Answer 9

Micro-RNAs. Double stranded RNA.

Question 10

RNAi shows that the fundamental unit of heredity may not be the gene but the

Answer 10

Position of each DNA letter

Question 11

Is a DNA sequence variation occurring when a single nucleotide- A, T, C, or G- in the genome (or other shared sequence) differs between members of a species (or between paired chromosomes in an individual)

Answer 11

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism/snip

Question 12

Two sequenced DNA fragments from different individuals, AAGCCTA to AAGCTTA, contain a difference in a single nucleotide. In this case we say there are ___________. Almost all common SNPs have only two alleles.

Answer 12

Two alleles: C & T

Question 13

Within a population, SNPs can be assigned a _________ - the ratio choromosomes in the population carrying the less common variant to those with the more common variant.

Answer 13

Minor allele frequency

Question 14

In SNP, there are variations between human populations, so an SNP allele that is common in one geographical or ethnic group may be much _____ in another.

Answer 14

Rarer

Question 15

Single nucleotide polymorphisms may fall within coding sequences of genes, _________, or in the ________ between genes.

Answer 15

Non-coding regions of genes. Intergenic regions.

Question 16

SNPs within a coding sequence will not necessarily change the ____________ of the ______ that is produced due to the ____________.

Answer 16

Amino acid. Protein. Degeneracy of the genetic code.

Question 17

A SNP in which both forms lead to the same polypeptide sequence is termed ________- if a different polypeptide sequence is produced they are _______.

Answer 17

Synonymous. Non-synonymous.

Question 18

SNPs that are not protein-coding regions may still have consequences for ________, _________ or the sequence of ________.

Answer 18

Gene splicing, Transcription factor binding & Non-coding RNA.