Endo: Biosynthesis Of AA Flashcards
Is essential in infants and children
Arginine
Essential AAs
Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Arginine, Tryptophan, Threonine, Valine & Phenylalanine “HILL MATT VP”
Most synthesized Arginine. Via what cycle?
Ornithine and Urea. Urea cycle.
Transamination of a-ketoacids that are available as common intermediates
Non-Essential AA
Their a-ketoacids are not common intermediates( enzymes needed to form them are lacking) Transamination isn’t an option. But they are present in common pathways of microorganisms and plants
Essential AA
No. of enzymes for synthesis of nutritionally NonEssential AAs
59
No. of enzymes for synthesis of nutritionally Essential AAs
17
Metabolic precursor: a-ketoglutarate, Amino acids: __________.
Glutamate, glutamine, arginine & proline “GGAP”
Metabolic precursor: 3-Phosphoglycerate, Amino acids: __________.
Glycine, Cysteine & Serine “GCS”
Metabolic precursor: Oxaloacetate, Amino acids: __________.
Lysine, Aspartate, Methionine, Asparagine & Threonine “LAMAT”
Metabolic precursor: Pyruvate, Amino acids: __________.
Valine, Alanine, Isoleucine & Leucine “VAIL”
Metabolic precursor: Phosphoenolpyruvate & Erythrose 4-Phosphate, Amino acids: __________.
Phenylalanine, Tryptophan & Tyrosine “PTT”
Metabolic precursor: Ribose 5-Phosphate , Amino acids: __________.
Histidine
a-Ketoglutarate Family
a ketoglutarate- glutamate= glutamine, arginine & proline
Enzyme used for glutamate+NH4+ATP ——-> glutamine+ADP+Pi+H
Glutamine synthetase
Enzyme used for a-ketoglutarate+NH4+NADPH+H ——–> 2 glutamate+NADP
Glutamate synthase
Proline synthesis
Glutamate [glutamate kinase] Glutamyl phosphate [glutamate dehydrogenase] Glutamate semialdehyde [pyrroline carboxylase reductase] Proline
Synthesis of Arginine
Glutamate [acetylglutamate synthase] Acetylglutamate [acetylglutamate kinase] Acetyl Glutamyl Phosphate [acetyl glutamyl dehydrogenase] Acetylglutamate semialdehyde [aminotransferase] Acetylornithine/Ornithine [ornithine carbamoyl transferase] Citrulline [argininosuccinate synthetase] Argininosuccinate [argininosuccinase] Arginine
Oxaloacetate family
Oxaloacetate- aspartate- asparagine, methionine, lysine & threonine
Synthesis of Aspartate & Asparagine
Oxaloacetate [transamination of glutamate] Aspartate [amidation with glutamine donating NH4] Asparagine
Pyruvate family
Pyruvate = Valine, Alanine, Isoleucine & Leucine
Synthesis of Alanine
Pyruvate [transamination from glutamate] Alanine
Synthesis of Valine
Pyruvic acid- acetolatic acid- dihydroxyisovaleric acid- ketoisovaleric acid- valine
Phosphoenolpyruvate and Erythrose 4 phosphate Family
Phosphoenolpyruvate + Erythrose 4 phosphate - chorismate= tryptophan, tyrosine & phenylalanine
Synthesis of Tryptophan
Chorismate [anthranilate synthase] Anthranilate [anthranilate phosphoribosyltransferase] N-5 Phosphoribosyl anthranilate [N-5 Phosphoribosyl anthranilate isomerase] Enol 1 carboxyphenylamino deoxyribulose phosphate [Indole 3 glycerol phosphate synthase] Indole 3 glycerol phosphate [Tryptophan synthase] Tryptophan
Synthesis of Tyrosine
4 Hydroxyphenylpyruvate [aminotransferase] Tyrosine
Synthesis of Phenylalanine
Phenylpyruvate [aminotransferase] Phenylalanine
The 21st AA. Is encoded by the UGA codon. It has been discovered that HIV-1 encodes a functional _______.
Selenocysteine. Selenoprotein.
In prokaryotes, an operon consisting of four genes necessary for the incorporation of selenocysteine into proteins.
Sel operon
Patients with HIV have been shown to have a _____ than average blood plasma selenium level.
Lower
