RNA

Question 1

Peptide Synthesis

Answer 1

look up picture

Question 2

DNA is stored in _____.

Answer 2

genes

Question 3

Genes

Answer 3

code for proteins

Question 4

Proteins

Answer 4

determine what cell will be

Question 5

____ —> _____ —> _____ —> _____

Answer 5

DNA —-> genes —> proteins —> cell

Question 6

Stuff about DNA

Answer 6

• stores information in the nucleus (vault) where it never leaves
• instructions copy DNA into RNA
• mRNA directs assembly of proteins

Question 7

Central Dogma

Answer 7

• belief system
• palm of information
  DNA —> mRNA —> protein

Question 8

Transcription

Answer 8

• language of nucleotides

- mRNA is made from a gene within the DNA

Question 9

Translation

Answer 9

• amino acids

- mRNA gets used to direct the production of a protein

Question 10

RNA

Answer 10

• sugars in RNA have extra oxygen
• single strand
• T is replaced by pyrimidine U (uracil)

Question 11

3 Kinds of RNA`

Answer 11

• messenger (mRNA) snakes through pore
• ribosomal (rRNA) factory
• transfer (tRNA) sugar plum fairy

Question 12

RNA Polymerase

Answer 12

• produces mRNA copy of DNA during transcription
• moves down DNA and assembles complementary strait of mRNA
• nucleotide sequence signals it to stop
• leaves nucleus and goes to rough ER

Question 13

Explain Translation

Answer 13

• cells translate info in DNA to language of proteins
• follows rules of genetic cod
• mRNA is read in unites called codons

Question 14

Codons

Answer 14

• corresponds to a particular amino acid
• 64 different codons
• 20 amino acids

Question 15

Genetic Code Dictionary

Answer 15

• determined from trial and error experiments to work out which cordons matched with which amino acids
• universal! used by all living things

Question 16

rRNA Translation

Answer 16

• occurs in ribosomes
• 2 subunits
• small
• large

Question 17

Small Subunit

Answer 17

• has short sequence of rRNA exposed that is identical to leader sequence
• mRNA binds to small subunit

Question 18

Large Subunit

Answer 18

• has 3 binding sites the tRNA located directly adjacent to the exposed rRNA sequence on the small subunit
• called A,P,E sites

Question 19

Complete Ribosome

Answer 19

when mRNA molecule, small subunit, and large subunit all come together

Question 20

tRNA enter ribosome at _____ site.

Answer 20

A

Question 21

tRNA

Answer 21

molecules that bring amino acids to ribosome to use in making proteins

Question 22

tRNA Structure

Answer 22

• amino acid attachment site on one end and 3 nucleotide sequence on the other
• activating enzymes
• anticodon

Question 23

Activating Enzyme

Answer 23

match amino acids with their proper tRNAs

Question 24

Anticodon

Answer 24

3 nucleotide sequence complementary to 1 of the 64 codons of genetic code

Question 25

A, P, E Sites

Answer 25

- tRNA enters at A site - moves to P site and new tRNA enters A site - P site forms peptide bonds to grow the amino acid chain - then moves to E site to be released

Question 26

Translation Stop

Answer 26

- continues until "stop" codon is encountered and signals end of protein - ribosome falls apart and new proteins is released