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Biology > Photosynthesis > Flashcards

Photosynthesis Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Photosystems

A

Photosystem II Photosystem I
First second
P-680 P-700
gets e- from H2O gets e- from P680
produces ATP produces NADPH

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2
Q

3 Steps of Photosynthesis

A
  1. capture sunlight
  2. produce ATP and NADPH
  3. build carbohydrates (glucose)
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3
Q

Photorespiration and Rubisco

A

once photorespiration occurs, rubisco (whore) will hook up with whatever is around like excess O2. Creates more O2, can’t be released, plants wilt

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4
Q

Photorespiration

A
  • occurs when plants are too hot

- C3 plants close stomata to prevent water loss, but also blocks gas exchange so bad!

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5
Q

Photosynthesis Equation

A

6CO2 + 12H2O + light —–> C6H12O6 + 6H2O + 6O2

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6
Q

Reforming RuBP

A

remaining molecules used to form RuBP

*requires ATP

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7
Q

Chlorophyll

A
  • pigments
  • act as an antenna to capture energy from sunlight
  • pass captured energy between them
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8
Q

Why did the spinach float after being in sunlight?

A

photosynthesis releasing O2

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9
Q

5 Steps in the Photosystem

A
  1. light energy captured by chlorophyll pigments
  2. energy passed along pigments to reaction center
  3. reaction center releases excited e- which goes to electron receptor (photoexcitation)
  4. excited e- passes down electron transport chain producing ATP and NADPH
  5. excited e- lost is then replace by e- donor
    * PS II = H2O
    * PS I = P680
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10
Q

Wavelength

A

measure peak to peak

  • large wavelength = low energy
  • small wavelength = high energy
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11
Q

2 Photosystems, 2 Electron Transport Chains

A

light dependent reactions

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12
Q

Light travels in _____ and _______.

A

particles and waves

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13
Q

Physics of Light

A

visible light travels in waves and particles photons

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14
Q

Photosynthesis

A
  • plants, algae capture sunlight energy

- ultimate goal is building glucose

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15
Q

Carbon Fixation

A
  • carbon from CO2 in the air is attached to RuBP

- aided by Rubisco

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16
Q

CAM Photosynthesis

A

C4 at night

C3 during the day

17
Q

Photosystem

A
  • blueberry
  • starting point of photosynthesis
  • network of pigments in the top membrane of the thylakoid
18
Q

Rubisco

A

most abundant enzyme in the living world

HOE!

19
Q

Reaction occurs in the stroma

A

light independent

20
Q

C3 vs C4 leafs

A 
C3 = have a central vein with branches
C4 = parallel venation
21
Q

Visible Light Spectrum

A

human eyes can only perceive immediate energy levels

22
Q

Electromagnetic Spectrum

A

the possible range of energy levels

23
Q

Calvin Cycle Recycles

A

ADP and NADP go back to light dependent reaction loop

24
Q

Accessory Pigments

A
  • absorb light that chlorophyll does not
  • give color to flowers, fruit, vegetables
  • masked by chlorophyll until fall
25
Q

C4 Photosynthesis

A

plants that adapted to hot climate

*sugarcane, corn, many grasses

26
Q

Light Dependant Reactions

A
  • take place only in the presence of light

- produce ATP and NADPH

27
Q

Light Independant Reactions

A
  • can occur in light or dark
  • formation of organic molecules (glucose)
  • AKA Calvin Cycle
28
Q

Photons

A

light is comprised of packets or particles of energy

29
Q

Pigments

A

molecules that absorb specific wavelengths of sunlight

30
Q

We see colors that are ______ and not _______.

A

reflected, not absorbed

*plants are green because they DO NOT absorb that color

31
Q

CAM Plants

A
  • can also survive in hot climates
  • succulent plants (water storing)
  • cacti, pineapple
32
Q

The Calvin Cycle needs to repeat ___ times to form one glucose.

A

6

33
Q

Leaf Structure

A
  • cuticle: superficial coating
  • epidermis: top layer of cells
  • mesophyll: middle layer of cells
  • stoma: tiny openings on bottom of leaf for gas and water exchange
  • cell: unit of life
  • chloroplast: organelle performs photosynthesis
34
Q

Making Sugars

A

carbons go through a series of reactions to make glucose

*requires ATP and NADPH

35
Q

Bundle Sheath Cells

A

C4 plants do not run out of CO2 because these cells are like little bank vaults and keep a private reserve

36
Q

Plants: ______ in

______ out

A

CO2 in

O2 out

37
Q

Stoma vs Stomata vs Stroma

A

stoma- single opening on leaf surface
stomata- plural version of stoma
stroma- fluid in chloroplast

38
Q

3 Stages of Calvin Cycle

A
  1. carbon fixation
  2. making sugar
  3. reforming RuBP
39
Q

3 Parts of Chloroplast

A

thylakoid: pancake
grana: stack of pancakes
stroma: syrup

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