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Biology > Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

Organic Chemistry Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Organic

A

contains carbon, usually hydrogen too

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2
Q

calorie

A

amount of energy it takes to raise 1g of water by 1 degree C

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3
Q

Examples of Nucleic Acid

A

DNA

RNA

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4
Q

Monosaccharides

A
  • single sugar
  • formula C6H12O6
  • glucose, fructose, galactose
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5
Q

Polysaccharide

A
  • complex carbs
  • macromolecules 100-1000 subunits long

2 types: storage
structural

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6
Q

Functional Groups

A

accessory elements that attach to molecules

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7
Q

Phospholipid Head

A
  • contains glycerol and phosphate

- hydrophilic

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8
Q

3 Types of Sugar

A
  1. monosaccharide
  2. disaccharide
  3. polysaccharide
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9
Q

Phospholipid

A

lipids with only 2 fatty acids

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10
Q

Monomer

A

mono= one

repetitive subunits of a polymer

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11
Q

Hydrophobic

A

lipids fear water insoluble

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12
Q

2 Functional Group Examples

A

amino

carboxyl

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13
Q

Sugar Suffix and Examples

A
  • ose

* glucose, fructose, sucrose

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14
Q

6 Important Functional Groups

A
  1. hydroxyl
  2. carboxyl
  3. amino
  4. sulfhydryl
  5. phosphate
  6. carbonyl
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15
Q

Disaccharides

A
  • two monosaccharides linked by dehydration synthesis
  • glycosidic bond
  • maltose, sucrose, lactose
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16
Q

Lipids Contain

A

a lot of energy because a lot of carbon bonds

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17
Q

Steroids

A

lipids that consist of 4 fused rings

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18
Q

Conformation

A

= shape = fucntion

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19
Q

Macromolecule Shapes

A
  1. carbs= rings
  2. proteins= ribbons
  3. nucleic acid= helix
  4. lipids= random
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20
Q

O-chem 99% _____ bonds.

A

covalent

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21
Q

4 Macromolecules

A
  1. carbohydrates
  2. proteins
  3. lipids
  4. nucleic acid
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22
Q

4 Levels of Conformation

A
  1. primary
  2. secondary
  3. tertiary
  4. quarternary
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23
Q

Amino Acid Structure

A

look up image

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24
Q

Number of R Variables

A

20

25
Q

Major Component of Biological Membranes

A

lipids

26
Q

Lipid Examples

A
  • triglycerides
  • phospholipids
  • steroids
27
Q

Phospholipid Tail

A
  • contains the fatty acids
    1 saturated
    1 unsaturated
  • hydrophobic
28
Q

Functional Groups Role

A
  • likely to be involved in reactions

- gives macromolecules different structures and function

29
Q

Polymer

A

poly= many

long chain of molecules of similar molecules

30
Q

Triglyceride Structure

A
  • glycerol (backbone)
  • 3 fatty acids (tails)
    concentrated source of energy
31
Q

Glycosidic Bond

A

covalent bond between monosaccharides to form di/polysaccharides

32
Q

Primary Structure

A

“beads” on a chain

33
Q

Secondary Structure

A

interaction of hydrogen

bonds form alpha helix and beta pleated sheet

34
Q

Tertiary Structure

A

interactions between alpha helix and beta pleated sheet

35
Q

Quarternary Structure

A

2+ polypeptide chains forming a multi-subunit protein

36
Q

Solid at Room Temp

A

saturated fatty acids

37
Q

Polymers of Amino Acids

A

polypeptides

38
Q

Carbonyl 2 Types

A

aldehydes

ketones

39
Q

Saturated vs Unsaturated

A 
saturated= with hydrogen, straight
unsaturated= missing some H because of double bonds, bent
40
Q

Carbon likes ___ bonds

A

4

41
Q

Liquid at Room Temp

A

unsaturated fatty acids

42
Q

20 Amino Acids

A

11 nonessential

9 essential

43
Q

Lipids are not…

A

polymers

44
Q

Most Abundant Lipid

A

Triglycerides

45
Q

Non-polar

A

lipids

46
Q

3 Factors to Build Polymers

A
  • dehydration synthesis
  • water is lost
  • requires energy
47
Q

Breaking down polymers

A
  • hydrolysis

- water is added

48
Q

Nucleic Acid composed of…`

A
  1. phosphate group
  2. 5-carbon sugar
  3. nitrogenous group
49
Q

Denaturing Proteins

A

unraveling proteins to inactive form

*cannot go back to original form

50
Q

5 Nitrogenous Bases

A
  1. adenine (DNA/RNA)
  2. guanine (DNA/RNA)
  3. cytosine (DNA/RNA)
  4. thymine (DNA)
  5. uracil (RNA)
51
Q

Indicator for Protein

A

copper sulfate

*purple

52
Q

Indicator for Monosaccharides

A

benedicts reagent

*tomato bisque

53
Q

Indicator for Startch

A

iodine

*dark purple

54
Q

Indicator for Lipids

A

sudan red

*bright pink/red

55
Q

Lipid Calories

A

9 calories/g

56
Q

Protein Calories

A

4 calories/g

57
Q

Sugar Calories

A

4 calories/g

58
Q

5 Protein Functions

A
  1. structural
  2. catalytic
  3. signaling
  4. defense
  5. transport

Biology (13 decks)

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