Organic Chemistry

Question 1

Organic

Answer 1

contains carbon, usually hydrogen too

Question 2

calorie

Answer 2

amount of energy it takes to raise 1g of water by 1 degree C

Question 3

Examples of Nucleic Acid

Answer 3

DNA

RNA

Question 4

Monosaccharides

Answer 4

• single sugar
• formula C6H12O6
• glucose, fructose, galactose

Question 5

Polysaccharide

Answer 5

• complex carbs
• macromolecules 100-1000 subunits long

2 types: storage
structural

Question 6

Functional Groups

Answer 6

accessory elements that attach to molecules

Question 7

Phospholipid Head

Answer 7

• contains glycerol and phosphate

- hydrophilic

Question 8

3 Types of Sugar

Answer 8

1. monosaccharide
2. disaccharide
3. polysaccharide

Question 9

Phospholipid

Answer 9

lipids with only 2 fatty acids

Question 10

Monomer

Answer 10

mono= one

repetitive subunits of a polymer

Question 11

Hydrophobic

Answer 11

lipids fear water insoluble

Question 12

2 Functional Group Examples

Answer 12

amino

carboxyl

Question 13

Sugar Suffix and Examples

Answer 13

• ose

* glucose, fructose, sucrose

Question 14

6 Important Functional Groups

Answer 14

1. hydroxyl
2. carboxyl
3. amino
4. sulfhydryl
5. phosphate
6. carbonyl

Question 15

Disaccharides

Answer 15

• two monosaccharides linked by dehydration synthesis
• glycosidic bond
• maltose, sucrose, lactose

Question 16

Lipids Contain

Answer 16

a lot of energy because a lot of carbon bonds

Question 17

Steroids

Answer 17

lipids that consist of 4 fused rings

Question 18

Conformation

Answer 18

= shape = fucntion

Question 19

Macromolecule Shapes

Answer 19

1. carbs= rings
2. proteins= ribbons
3. nucleic acid= helix
4. lipids= random

Question 20

O-chem 99% _____ bonds.

Answer 20

covalent

Question 21

4 Macromolecules

Answer 21

1. carbohydrates
2. proteins
3. lipids
4. nucleic acid

Question 22

4 Levels of Conformation

Answer 22

1. primary
2. secondary
3. tertiary
4. quarternary

Question 23

Amino Acid Structure

Answer 23

look up image

Question 24

Number of R Variables

Answer 24

20

Question 25

Major Component of Biological Membranes

Answer 25

lipids

Question 26

Lipid Examples

Answer 26

- triglycerides - phospholipids - steroids

Question 27

Phospholipid Tail

Answer 27

- contains the fatty acids 1 saturated 1 unsaturated - hydrophobic

Question 28

Functional Groups Role

Answer 28

- likely to be involved in reactions | - gives macromolecules different structures and function

Question 29

Polymer

Answer 29

poly= many | long chain of molecules of similar molecules

Question 30

Triglyceride Structure

Answer 30

- glycerol (backbone) - 3 fatty acids (tails) concentrated source of energy

Question 31

Glycosidic Bond

Answer 31

covalent bond between monosaccharides to form di/polysaccharides

Question 32

Primary Structure

Answer 32

"beads" on a chain

Question 33

Secondary Structure

Answer 33

interaction of hydrogen | bonds form alpha helix and beta pleated sheet

Question 34

Tertiary Structure

Answer 34

interactions between alpha helix and beta pleated sheet

Question 35

Quarternary Structure

Answer 35

2+ polypeptide chains forming a multi-subunit protein

Question 36

Solid at Room Temp

Answer 36

saturated fatty acids

Question 37

Polymers of Amino Acids

Answer 37

polypeptides

Question 38

Carbonyl 2 Types

Answer 38

aldehydes | ketones

Question 39

Saturated vs Unsaturated

Answer 39

``` saturated= with hydrogen, straight unsaturated= missing some H because of double bonds, bent ```

Question 40

Carbon likes ___ bonds

Answer 40

4

Question 41

Liquid at Room Temp

Answer 41

unsaturated fatty acids

Question 42

20 Amino Acids

Answer 42

11 nonessential | 9 essential

Question 43

Lipids are not...

Answer 43

polymers

Question 44

Most Abundant Lipid

Answer 44

Triglycerides

Question 45

Non-polar

Answer 45

lipids

Question 46

3 Factors to Build Polymers

Answer 46

- dehydration synthesis - water is lost - requires energy

Question 47

Breaking down polymers

Answer 47

- hydrolysis | - water is added

Question 48

Nucleic Acid composed of...`

Answer 48

1. phosphate group 2. 5-carbon sugar 3. nitrogenous group

Question 49

Denaturing Proteins

Answer 49

unraveling proteins to inactive form | *cannot go back to original form

Question 50

5 Nitrogenous Bases

Answer 50

1. adenine (DNA/RNA) 2. guanine (DNA/RNA) 3. cytosine (DNA/RNA) 4. thymine (DNA) 5. uracil (RNA)

Question 51

Indicator for Protein

Answer 51

copper sulfate | *purple

Question 52

Indicator for Monosaccharides

Answer 52

benedicts reagent | *tomato bisque

Question 53

Indicator for Startch

Answer 53

iodine | *dark purple

Question 54

Indicator for Lipids

Answer 54

sudan red | *bright pink/red

Question 55

Lipid Calories

Answer 55

9 calories/g

Question 56

Protein Calories

Answer 56

4 calories/g

Question 57

Sugar Calories

Answer 57

4 calories/g

Question 58

5 Protein Functions

Answer 58

1. structural 2. catalytic 3. signaling 4. defense 5. transport