Metabolism

Question 1

Explain ETC

Answer 1

NADH and FADH2 donate electrons. This powers the protein pumps to push H+ into the inter membrane space via active transport. Then the H+ can only go back via ATP synthase (enzyme) to create ATP via passive transport

Question 2

Lactic Acid Fermentation

Answer 2

• used by animals and bacteria
• pyruvic acid to lactate
• sourdough bread

Question 3

Alcoholic Fermentation

Answer 3

• used by fungi and some plants
• pyruvic acid to ethanol
• beer

Question 4

3 Stages of Glycolysis

Answer 4

1. priming stage
2. cleavage stage
3. harvesting stage

Question 5

Oxidation of Pyruvate and ATP

Answer 5

• insufficient ATP= Acetyl CoA goes to Krebs Cycle

- plentiful ATP= Acetyl CoA goes to fat synthesis

Question 6

What performs glycolysis?

Answer 6

all organisms

Question 7

Krebs Cycle

Answer 7

• in the mitochondria matrix
• 2 Acetyl CoA in
• 6 NADH
  2 ATP
  2 FADH2 out

Question 8

____ carbon glucose breaks up into ____ ______ carbon pyruvate molecules.

Answer 8

6
2
3

Question 9

Two Types of Cellular Respiration

Answer 9

aerobic

anaerobic

Question 10

Priming Stage

Answer 10

put in 2 ATP as the activation energy

Question 11

Two Types of Metabolism

Answer 11

cellular respiration

photosynthesis

Question 12

Glycolysis

Answer 12

• in the cytosol
• glucose in
• 2 ATP
  2 pyruvate
  2 NADH out

Question 13

Oxidation of Pyruvate

Answer 13

• in the mitochondrial membrane
• 2 pyruvate in
• 2 NADH
  2 Acetyl CoA out

Question 14

Why do athletes have higher concentration of CO2?

Answer 14

their bodies create more mitochondria, which increases cellular respiration, giving off more CO2

Question 15

4 Steps in Aerobic Respiration

Answer 15

1. glycolysis
2. oxidation of pyruvate
3. krebs cycle
4. electron transport chain

Question 16

1 glucose= ___ ATP

Answer 16

36

Question 17

Two Types of Fermentation

Answer 17

alcoholic

lactic

Question 18

Cleavage Stage

Answer 18

breaks into TWO 3 carbon pairs

Question 19

Net Gain

Answer 19

glycolysis makes 4 ATP, but uses 2 ATP to “prime the pump” so net gain of 2

Question 20

Decision for Fermentation

Answer 20

AFTER glycolysis

Question 21

___ H+ = 1 ATP

Answer 21

4

Question 22

Energy and Electrons

Answer 22

• ADP/ATP
• NAD/NADH
• FAD/FADH
• left side has low energy, right has high

Question 23

Electron Transport Chain

Answer 23

• in the mitochondria cristae
• 10 NADH
  2 FADH2 in
• 32 ATP out

Question 24

Can occur with or without O2

Answer 24

glycolysis

Question 25

Harvesting Stage

Answer 25

harvest 4 ATP, but had to prime with 2, so only 2 net gain

Question 26

Aerobic Respiration Equation

Answer 26

C6H12O6 + 6O2 + ADP + P —–> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP