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Biology > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Polar Covalent

A
  • different electronegativity
  • non equal sharing
  • H2O
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2
Q

pH

A

measures relative concentration of OH- to H+

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3
Q

Found within the Nucleus

A

protons

neutrons

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4
Q

Cations and Anions mutually…

A

attract forming ionic bonds

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5
Q

Covalent Bonds

A

atoms share electrons

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6
Q

Positive Charge

A

protons

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7
Q

How a Slide moves in relation to the image

A

opposite front/back and left/right

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8
Q

Energy Levels

A
  • orbitals closest to nucleus fill first

- the closer the orbital to the nucleus, the less energy

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9
Q

Basic Solutions

A

more OH-

pH > 7

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10
Q

Periodic Table Info

A

elements

  • symbol
  • atomic number
  • atomic mass
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11
Q

Type of bond determined by

A

electronegativity

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12
Q

Element

A

pure chemical substance

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13
Q

3 Types of Bonds

A
  1. covalent (share)
  2. ionic (take)
  3. hydrogen (weak)
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14
Q

pH Formula

A

pH= -log[H+]

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15
Q

Atoms bond to form

A

molecules

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16
Q

pH Scale

A

0-14

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17
Q

Valence Electrons

A

occupy energy cell farthest from nucleus

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18
Q

Adhesion

A

water molecules adhere to other molecules

*meniscus

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19
Q

Lower Electronegativity

A

wants to get rid of electrons

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20
Q

Half Life

A

time for half the amount of a radioisotope to decay

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21
Q

Water is…

A

polar

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22
Q

Soap

A

breaks hydrogen bonds

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23
Q

Negative Charge

A

electrons

24
Q

Electronegativity

A

strength of attraction an atom has for its electrons

25
Q

How do Hydrogen bonds form?

A
  • high electronegative H2O atoms are attracted to each other

- O connects to H of another

26
Q

Atomic Mass

A

protons

neutrons

27
Q

Atomic Number

A

based on number of protons which defines the element

28
Q

ATP

A

energy

29
Q

Neutral Charge

A

neutrons

30
Q

WITHIN a water molecule

A

polar covalent bond

31
Q

Orbitals

A

area surrounding the nucleus where electrons are

32
Q

Greater Electronegativity

A

wants to keep electrons

33
Q

Atoms

A

smallest unit that has the element’s characteristics

34
Q

Nonpolar Covalent

A
  • similar electronegativity
  • equal sharing
  • O2
35
Q

Cohesion

A

water molecules stick together

36
Q

Hydrogen Bond Ratio

A

1:4

37
Q

Bond gives protein 3D shape?

A

hydrogen

38
Q

Ionic Bonds

A

electrons of high electronegativity “take” electrons from low

39
Q

Water

A

most abundant molecule in living organisms

40
Q

Opposite Charges

A

hold the atom together/keep everything up

41
Q

3 Subatomic Particles

A

protons
neutrons
electrons

42
Q

Electron Shells

A

first
*1 orbital= 2 electrons
second
*4 orbitals= 8 electrons

43
Q

SPONCH

A 
sulfur
phosphorus
oxygen
nitrogen
carbon
hydrogen
44
Q

Number of Known Elements

A

118

45
Q

Aqueous Environment

A

most chemical reactions within an organism take place

46
Q

Hydrogen Bonds

A

weakest of all chemical attractions

47
Q

Maximum # an orbital can hold

A

two

48
Q

Acidic Solutions

A

more H+

pH < 7

49
Q

Surface Tension

A

measure of how difficult it is to break the surface of water

50
Q

Neutral Solutions

A

pH= 7

51
Q

Cation

A

positive because lost an electron

*K+, Na+

52
Q

Anion

A

negative because gained an electron

*Cl-, S-

53
Q

Isotope

A

atoms of same element with different number of neutrons

54
Q

Ion

A

atom that gained or lost electron

55
Q

Specific Heat

A

amount of energy it takes to raise temp of a substance 1 degree C

Biology (13 decks)

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