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RUSVM BacT Spring 2017 > Rickettsia and Chlamydia > Flashcards

Rickettsia and Chlamydia Flashcards

1
Q

T/F: Rickettsia and chlamydia spps are obligate extracellular pathogens

A

False

OBLIGATE INTRACEULLUR

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2
Q

Rickettsia and chlamydia are gram _______, organism that have _________ morphology

A

Gram NEGATIVE

Coccobacilli

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3
Q

What antimicrobial are all rickettsia and chlamydia spps susceptible to?

A

TETRACYCLINE

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4
Q

What genera are included in the family Anaplasmataceae?

What cells do they infect?

A

Anaplasma
Ehrlichia
Neorickettsia

*infect haematopoietic (cells produced in bone marrow) cells of vertebrate hosts

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5
Q

Rickettsia spps have a tropism for what cells?

A

Endothelium

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6
Q

T/F: Rickettsia are vector borne pathogens

A

TRUE

live in an arthropod host –> TICKS

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7
Q

What bacterium causes Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?

Who does it affect?

A

Rickettsia rickettsia

Humans and Dogs

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8
Q

What clinical signs may you see in a dog with Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?

A

Bacteria invades endothelium –> hemorrhage - petechial, edema, vasculitis, fever, depression, tissue necrosis (from poor blood supply),vasocontriction

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9
Q

What other pathogen has similar clinical sign to those seen with RMSF (R. rickettsia)?

A

Ehrlichia

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10
Q

What is the best way to diagnose rickettsia?

A

PCR is best

Skin tissue FA

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11
Q

What arthropod is the vector for Rickettsia felis? What dz does it cause

A

Cat flea

“Flea borne spotted fever” in humans

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12
Q

What bacteria are part of the Typhus group of rickettsia? What dz do they cause?

A

R. prowazekii - Epidemic typhus in humans (spread by human and flying squirrel louse)

R. typhi - Murine typhus (opossum-flea cycle)

Oreintia tsutsugamushi - Srub typhus (chigger mites - bird/rodents cycle)

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13
Q

T/F: Anaplasmataceae members are of zoonotic potential

A

TRUE

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14
Q

Anaplasma phagocytophilum causes what dz and in whom?

A

Agent of Human granulocytic Ehrlichiosis

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15
Q

What cells can you find Anaplasma phagocytophilum in?

A

Neutrophils

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16
Q

What arthropod is responsible for transmission of Anaplasma phagocytophilum? What other dz/pathogen does it transmit?

A

Ixodes tick

Also transmits Lyme dz (B. burgdorferi)

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17
Q

Anaplasma phagocytophilum is maintained in..?

What host does it infect that is of veterinarian concern?

A

Ixodes and small mammals

Causes necrotizing vasculitis in Horses - usually mild, but can occasionally be fatal (icterus, edema, ataxia –> DIC)

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18
Q

T/F: performing a snap test to dx anaplasmosis in an area with more than one spps is an effective dx method

A

FALSE

It does not differentiate what spps - need PCR

**Snap is proficient if only one spps of anaplasma is endemic in that geographical area

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19
Q

Who is the only known reservoir of Anaplasma platys?

What cells does it infect?

A

DOGS

Platelets

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20
Q

What pathogenesis does A. platys cause?

A

Fever, uveitis, petchia, thrombocytopenia –> can be serious in surgical cases - poor clotting

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21
Q

T/F: Anaplasma platys has a wide host range

A

FALSE

dogs only (for now…)

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22
Q

What animals are most susceptible to Anaplasma marginale infections?

A

Old ruminants

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23
Q

Anaplasma marginale can be found in what cells?

A

Found in the periphery of erythrocytes

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24
Q

T/F: A. maginale is the number once cause of anaplasmosis in ruminants

A

TRUE

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25
Q

T/F: A. marginale is similar to babesia but is not a pathogen that is part of the “tick cattle fever” complex

A

FALSE

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26
Q

_________ is a pathological finding on PM exams of cows that have died from A. marginale infections. This specific finding can be found in animals with Anthrax and babesia infections.

A

SPLENOMEGALY

*for A. marginales - the spleen is enlarged from harboring infected erythrocytes

27
Q

What bacteria causes Tropical Pancytopenia, in what host, and how is it transmitted?

A

Ehrlichia canis
canine
brown dog tick

28
Q

T/F: In dogs with tropical pancytopenia, lymphocytosis and hyperglobulinemia is characteristic

A

TRUE

29
Q

Is tropical pancytopenia a fatal disease?

A

Depends! It ranges from asymptomatic to fatal

30
Q

What cells does Ehrlichia canis infect?

A

Endothelial cells, mononuclear cells, lymphocytes

31
Q

E. ewingii causes …?

A

Canine granulocytic ehrliciosis

32
Q

What is the causative agent of “heart water disease” and who does it infect?

A

Ehrlichia ruminantium

Ruminants

33
Q

T/F: The ixodes tick transmits heart water disease

A

FALSE

Amblyoma

34
Q

T/F: Ehrlichia ruminatium outbreaks occur from time to time in the US.

A

FALSE

**THIS IS A REPORTABLE FOREIGN DZ****

35
Q

Where does Ehrlichia ruminatium replicate in the host and what pathogenesis does it cause?

A

Replication in macrophages and endothelial cells (Brain epithelial cells)

Causes pericardial edema, cerebral edema, neurological signs –> DEATH

36
Q

How do you dx Ehrlichia ruminatium?

A

PM - brain squash smear

37
Q

Potomac horse fever is caused by what pathogen and what is the mode of transmission?

A

Neorickettsia risticii

Transmitted via ticks and flukes (of brown bats) - aquatic snails/insects are part of the life cycle

38
Q

T/F: Neorickettsia risticii causes mild disease in horses

A

FALSE – fatal dz

39
Q

What clinical signs may be observed in a horse with Potomac horse fever?
Where does the bacteria replicate?

A

Replication in macrophages and enterocytes

Hemorrhagic dhr, anorexia, leukopenia –> death

40
Q

What is the causative agent for Salmon poisoning in dogs and how do they get it?

A

Neorickettsia helminthoeca

Dogs get this pathogen by eating salmon that have infected flukes

41
Q

What clinical signs will be observed in a dog with Neorickettsia helminthoea?

A

Hemorrhagic gastroenteritis, fever, depression

fatal if untreated

42
Q

How do you dx salmon poising in dogs and what drug(s) are used to treat it?

A

Clinical signs, history, and fecal sediment for fluke eggs

Tetracyline and praziquantal
supportive care prn

43
Q

T/F: Chlamydia is dimorphic

A

TRUE

44
Q

What stage of chlamydia is infectious?

A

Extracellular - non-replicating phase aka elementary bodies

45
Q

What is the non infective stage of chlamydia?

A

Intracellular replicating aka reticulate body

46
Q

T/F: Animals get chlamydia via direct contact, ingesting, or inhaling reticulate bodies

A

FALSE

Elementary bodies are infectious!!

47
Q

T/F: Chlamydia psittacia is zoonotic and is BSL4 pathogen

A

FASLE

It is zoonotic and BSL3

REPORTABLE

48
Q

Chlamydia abortus causes abortion in what animals?

A

Ruminants

49
Q

Chlamydia pecorum causes what? Who is the host?

A

Polyarthritis and polyserositis in ruminants

“stiff lamb dz” and sporadic bovine encephalomyelitis

50
Q

Chlamydia are parasites of _________

A

Epithelium

51
Q

Chlamydia felis causes what in cats?

A

Conjunctivitis and rhinitis

52
Q

Who does Chlamydia pneumonia infect?

A

Humans and Koala bears

53
Q

How is C. psittaci transmitted?

A

Elementary bodies are shed in the feces of carries (birds) and then they are inhaled into the lungs or ingested

54
Q

What spps of chlamydia causes multi organ septicemia that can result in hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and fibrinous pericarditis

A

Chlamydia psittaci

55
Q

How can you diagnose C. psittaci?

A

Direct smear using Giemsa stain, PCR, FA

56
Q

What pathogen causes Q fever (Queen fever)?

A

Coxiella burnetii

57
Q

T/F: Coxiella burnetii is a zoonotic pathogen that has bioterrorism potential

A

TRUE

58
Q

Coxiella burnetii is endemic in what hosts?

A

cattle/sheep/goats

59
Q

What is the MOI of Coxiella burnetii?

A

This pathogen is resistant in the environment (endospore-like) and is shed in milk, urine, and feces (of carriers which can be asymptomatic). Infection occurs via **inhalation, ingestion, direct contact

60
Q

T/F: Pasteurizing milk should kill Coxiella burnetii

A

TRUE

61
Q

What clinical signs might you seen in a human patient with Q fever?

Signs in a ruminant?

A

prolonged flu like illness, hepatitis, endocarditis

goat/sheep/cattle - are often subclinical female carriers but may experience placentitis and abortion

62
Q

How do you dx and tx Q fever?

A

Dx: PCR

Tx: **early detection is key - tetracycline and fluroquinolones are drug of choice

**good hygiene

63
Q

Coxiella burnetii is an obligate ________ pathogen.

A

INTRACELLULAR

64
Q

T/F: Chlamydia is referred to as energy parasites bc they create a lot of ATP

A

FALSE

bc they DO NOT generate ATP

RUSVM BacT Spring 2017 (15 decks)

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