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rusvm bact spring 2017 > Final Exam: Skin infections > Flashcards

Final Exam: Skin infections Flashcards

1
Q

What is one of the first clinical signs you may see that would lead to you consider a fungal infection?

A

Alopecia

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2
Q

If you see a patient with dermatitis or pyoderma, the first thing that comes to your mind is..?

A

bacterial infection

may be secondary - but is causing pyoderma

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3
Q

What is panniculitis?

A

inflammation of SQ fat

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4
Q

What is cellulitis?

A

Inflammation of the dermis and SQ fat - dissects through tissue planes

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5
Q

What types of bacteria would you suspect with an infection presenting with suppurative inflammation?

Granulomatous?

pyogranulomatous?

A

Suppurative - pyogenic bacteria like Staph

Granulomatous - more complex bacteria like Mycobacteria

Pyogranulomatous - Nocardia, corynebacterium, atinobacillus, actinomyces

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6
Q

Since many skin infections have a similar outward appearance, what are some things that you must not forget to take into consideration?

A

Geographic location
Weather
Distribution/location on body
Detailed history from owner (ectoparasites? access to water? ect)

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7
Q

What is the MOST COMMON pyogenic bacteria seen in dogs?

A

NEVERFORGET

Staphylococcus pseudintermedius

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8
Q

T/F: Methicillin resistant staphylococcus means that bacteria is resistant to methicillin only

A

FALSE

Resistance to multiple antimicrobials

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9
Q

When performing a bacterial culture and susceptibility, what should be collected?

A

Fresh purulent discharge or fresh tissue. Using a swab (should never be sent in dry for a culture)

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10
Q

T/F: Dermatohistopathology can be useful in ruling out fungal infections

A

TRUE

also helps rule out autoimmune, and neoplastic differentials

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11
Q

What is important to keep in mind when treating a skin infection?

A

**there is almost always an underlying cause! If that is not treated, you will have repeat infections

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12
Q

What staphylococcus isolates should be considered Clindamycin resistant?

A

Staph isolates which are macrolide (erythromycin) resistant.

Due to inducible clindamycin resistance

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13
Q

What is the etiology for Greasy Pig Disease?

A

Staphylococcus hyicus

Piglets 1-6 weeks of age

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14
Q

What is the etiology for Bumble Foot in chickens?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

*can also cause pyogranulomatous infections in lab mice, humans, and horses

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15
Q

Staphylococcal species with super antigens can cause what syndrome?

A

TOXIC SHOCK SYNDROME

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16
Q

What is the etiology of feline leprosy?

Common etiology of lymph node abscess in cats?

Common etiology of cat bite abscesses?

A
  1. Feline leprosy = mycobacterial infections
  2. LN abscess = Yersina pestis
  3. Cat bite abscesses = Pasteurella spps
17
Q

T/F: Clostridium is a gram POSITIVE anaerobe

A

TRUE

There is one gram negative clostridium = piliforme

18
Q

What bacteria can cause pyoderma in dogs post operatively, and sometimes have a green/blue appearance and sweet odor?

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

facultative pathogenic - usually secondary infection

19
Q

T/F: Coagulase negative staphylococci often cause disease in immunocompetent animals

A

FALSE

**less pathogenic than coagulase positive staph

Rarely will cause dz in animals with a functional immune system

20
Q

Are topical or systemic antimicrobials preferred to treat superficial skin infections?

A

Judiciously choose topical vs systemic when possible- to decrease antimicrobial resistance

21
Q

You are concerned you are a carrier of MSRP, and would like to have a culture confirm that, from where do you collect a sample?

A

Nasal swab!

Humans are often carries of MRSP - nares are the most common site of colonization

22
Q

What is the most common mode of transmission of ring worm from pet to human? What animal is usually responsible and what fungus?

A

Cats are often asymptomatic carriers of Microsporum canis - direct contact with owner

23
Q

You take a sample from a a cow that has a scabby head and back, under the microscope you see bacteria that have a distinct “train track” appearance. What does your scabby cow have?

A

Dermatophilis congolensis

24
Q

What disease does Actinomyces bovis cause?

A

Lumpy jaw

pyogranulomatous osteomyelitis

25
Q

What anaerobe causes foot root in cattle, sheep, and goats?

A

Fuscobacterium necrophorum

26
Q

Hairy heel warts is caused by what bacteria?

Who is affected?

A

Treponema spps

Cattle - causes lamenes

27
Q

Which matching is incorrect? What is the common name for these pathogens?

  1. Dogs - Microsporum. Canis, M. gypseum
  2. Cattle - Trichophyton verrucosum
  3. Cats - Microsporum felis
  4. Equine - Trichophyton mentagrophyts, T. equinum
A

3 is incorrect
Cats = Microsporum canis

These all cause ringworm

superficial infection of keratinized skin/hair follicles

28
Q

What disease is caused by Erysipelothris rhusiopathia? In what animals?

A

Diamond skin disease in pigs

**systemic dz

29
Q

Nitrate reducing Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis causes what disease in which animals?

A

Causes pigeon fever aka Colorado strangles aka dry land distemper in horses

Ulcerative lymphangitis of the lower extremities

30
Q

What does swamp fever in horses resemble? What pathogen is the cause?

A

Resembles proud flesh or excessive granulation tissue

Causes by pithiosis - water fungus like microgranism

31
Q

A dog comes into your clinic with a granuloma, that you decide to surgically explore/excise. Inside the mass you find a fox tail grass among pyogranulomatous material. You collect a sample for culture, what pathogen do you suspect to find and what test do you run?

A

Actinomyces hordeovulneris - commonly associated with fox tail grass FB

Need to run an aerobic and anaerobic culture bc atinomyces spps can be either aerobic or anaerobic

32
Q

What antifungal is useful for treating dermatophyte infections? What is the MOA and the mode of administration?

A

Griseofulvin

Is active in keratinocytes - inhibits mitotic division of fungus. Admin PO only

33
Q

If you are treating a bacterial infection with aminoglycosides, but see no improvement after a full course of treatment, what should you suspect?

A

That the infection you are treating is cause by anaerobic bacteria

aminoglycosides are ineffective against anaerobic bacteria

34
Q

T/F: Bulckholderia mallei is an obligate pathogen of horses

A

TRUE

B. mallei = glanders

B. pseudomallei = Melioidosis –> horses can get this from the environment

35
Q

Cryptococcus affects what animals the most? What is the parthenogenesis?

A

Cats!
Dz of immunocompromised cats

Causes granulomatous lesions in the upper resp. tract, face, and CNS

36
Q

Where do you see lesions from Sporothrix schenkii?

A

SQ lesions restricted to skin nodules and regional lymphatic involvement

seen most frequently in horses and cats

37
Q

What bacteria causes abscess formation of the retropharyngeal LN in horses? What is the disease is causes?

A

Streptococcus equi

Causes strangles

*reportable

38
Q

What pathogen causes caseous lymphadentitis in goats and sheep?

A

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

rusvm bact spring 2017 (15 decks)

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