Final exam: Eye/ear/respiratory Flashcards
What pathogen is the only gram positive bacteria that is part of the Bovine Respiratory Dz complex (shipping fever)?
Trueperella pyogenes
What pathogens make up the BRD complex?
Mannheimia hemolytica Pasteurella multocida Histophilus somni Mycoplasma bovis Trueperella pyogenes
What causes pink eye in cows?
Moraxella bovis
Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (pink eye)
Infectious ovine keratoconjunctivitis is caused by what pathogens?
Mycoplasma conjunctivae
Chlamydia pecorum
What two pathogens can cause otitis in calves?
Mycoplasma bovis and Histophilus somni
Why are dogs more prone to get ear infections than cats?
Long horizontal ear canal to capture bacteria and debris
T/F: Otitis externa is a primary infection
FALSE
Almost always secondary infections, so you need to look for and treat primary cause to prevent recurrent infections
What is the MOST common bacterial organism involved in canine otitis externa? What is the most common yeast involved?
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Malassezia pachydermatis
What two bacterial pathogens cause conjunctivitis in cats?
Mycoplasma felis Chlamydia felis (feline pneumonitis)
What systemic bacterial infections are often associated with conjuctival effusion?
Rickettsia
Anaplasma
Ehrilickia Brucellosis
Leptospirosis
What systemic mycoses are associated with conjuctivitis?
Blastomycosis Cryptomycosis Histoplasmosis Coccidiomycosis Protothecosis
Equine recurrent uveitis is associated with what bacterial infection?
Leptosporosis
What is the main clinical sign you will see in a horse with guttural pouch mycosis?
Epistaxis – blood draining out the nose
Guttural pouch mycoses may occur as a complication of:
- Strangles
- Pigeon fever
- Glanders
- Pseudoglanders
Strangles (Streptococcus equi subsp equi)
mycoses is often caused by Aspergillus sp
What pathogens are often involved in keratitis and associated complications in horses?
Aspergillus sp
Fusarium sp
Candida sp (these 3 are fungi)
Pseudomonas, Staph, and strep
Where does the lower respiratory tract start?
Starts at the intrathoracic trachea – everything past that point
T/F: Upper respiratory tract dz in dogs is most commonly due to viral infections
TRUE
What is the most common bacterial organism to cause URI in dogs?
Bordetella bronchiseptia = Kennel cough
Fungal infections causing URI = cryptococcosis, aspergillosis
What is a telltale sign a dog has a URI caused by a aspirgillosis?
de-pigmentation of the nose
What fungus-like organism causes nasal polyps in canines?
Rhinosporidium seeberi
*more common in southeast US
What pathogens are responsible for pneumonia and pyothorax in dogs?
Nocardia
Antinomyces
When is fecal testing indicated for a respiratory infection?
neverforgetparasit
If you suspect lung worms or other parasites that migrate through the lungs
What are three fungal infections that will present at primary lung disease with the addition of skin lesions?
Blastomyces dermatitidis Histoplasma capsulatum (causes HGE in dogs) Coccidioides immitis (osteomyelitis)
What geographic location will you find coccidioides immitis?
South west US - San Joaquin valley
What geographic locations will you find histoplasma capsulatum?
Ohio, Missouri, and Mississippi river valleys of the US
What geographic location can you find blastomyces dermatitidis?
Ohio-Mississippi river valley of North America
What geographic locations can you find crytococcus?
Anywhere pigeons or eucalyptus trees are prevalent
T/F: Shipping fever always has multifactorial etiology
TRUE
Which is the most important bacterial agent in the bovine respiratory disease complex and what is its virulence factors?
Mannheimia haemolytica
**secretes a specific ruminant leukotoxin - attacks the neutrophils
*can note oblong shaped neutrophils on cyto that have been affected by the leukotoxin
What bacteria caused NECROTIC laryngitits in calves?
What bacteria causes laryngitis in cattle?
Necrotic laryngitis aka calf diptheria = Fusobacterium necrophorum
Histophilus somni = laryngitis in cattle (part of the shipping fever complex)
What three bacteria are involved in enzootic pneumonia in calves?
Pasteurella multocida
Mannheimia haemolytica
mycoplasma bovis
Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia is caused by what bacteria?
Mycoplasma mycoides subsp mycoides (small colony type)
*marbled lung
**REPORTABLE
Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia is caused by what bacteria?
Mycoplasma capricolum subsp capripneumoniae
**reportable
Mycoplasma bovis causes what there types of dz in cattle?
Pneumonia
Mastitis
Arthritis
T/F: Enzootic pneumonia in calves has a high morbidity due to fast spreading dz
TRUE
What role does colostrum play in the cases of enzootic pneumonia?
If calves do not get enough or good quality colostrum they do not get maternal protection and this leaves them very susceptible to infection
What viral infections predispose calves to enzootic pneumonia?
Bovine herpes virus
Bovine diarrhea virus
Parainfluenza
BRSV
What are the common pathogens that cause enzootic pneumonia in calves?
Pasteurella multocida
Mannheimia haemolytica
Mycoplasma bovis
What bacteria causes a characteristic marbling effect on the lungs of cattle?
Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides
Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia
**REPORTABLE
T/F: Pasturealla multocida serotypes B1 and E2 cause hemorrhagic septacaemia in cattle in the US
FALSE
not present in the US. These strains are common in Asia
Why must you send a large tissue sample for culture if it is collected at necropsy?
So the lab can test a sample from the center that should be free from contamination
What bacteria causes Tularemia?
Francisella tularensis
What is the main sentinel domestic animal that will get infected with francisella tularensis?
CATS
also rabbits, and rodent
***ZOONOTIC/BSL3/REPORTABLE
vector borne
Who are the main carries of Yersinia pestis?
Rat fleas
Why are rat fleas the specific vectors for yersinia pestis and not cat or dog fleas?
Dog and cat fleas have a poor ability to become blocked.
Rat fleas with yersinia pestis will have a biofilm formation in the proventriculus (mixture of blood clot and bacteria) - this will inhibit the flea from feeding. As it attempts to feed, ingested blood will go into the esophagus - contact the biofilm and then be regurgitated back into the circulatory system of the host with bacteria from the biofilm
What pathogens cause atrophic rhinitis in swine?
Pasteurella multocida
Bordetella bronchiseptica
What are the toxins associated with atrophic rhinitis in swine and what do they effect?
Pasteurella multocida toxin –> osteoclasts
Bordetella bronchiseptica dermonecrotic toxin –> osteoblasts
Glasser’s disease is caused by what pathogen, who is the host?
Haemophilus parasuis - swine
Polyserositis, polysynovitis, meningitis, systemic infection and DIC
What is the pathogen that causes Porcine pleuropnemonia?
Actinobacillus pleuroprneumonia
**hemorrhagic and necrotizing pleuropneumonia
What two pathogens have leukotoxins that destroy white blood cells?
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (swine)
Mannheinemia haemolytica (**ruminant specific leukotoxin)
What pathogen causes foal pneumonia?
Rhodococcus equi
(foals 1-4months old)
*pyogranulomatous lesions in the lung
*gram positive coccobacilli - faculatative intracellular
T/F: Rhodococcus equi has some acid fast positive staining
TRUE
T/F: Glanders and Pseudoglanders are diseases that may have lung involvement
TRUE
Which pathogen is obligate and which pathogen is saprophytic?
Burkholderia mallei
Burkholderia pseudomallei
Burkholderia mallei is an obligate pathogen of horses
Burkholderia pseudomallei is a saprophytic organism
Both are BSL3/Reportable/Zoonotic
