Mycology

Question 1

What is mycology?

Answer 1

The study of fungi

Question 2

Where are fungi found in the environment?

Answer 2

EVERYWHERE

Question 3

Are fungi Eukaryotes or Prokaryotes?

Answer 3

Eukaryotes

Question 4

T/F: Fungi are free living organisms

Answer 4

TRUE

Question 5

The majority of fungi are _______

Answer 5

non-pathogens

Question 6

T/F: Fungi that are saprophytes are pathogenic

Answer 6

FALSE

Heterotrophs are pathogenic

Question 7

How do fungi reproduce?

Answer 7

Asexually - fragmentation and budding through spores

Sexually reproduction is seen in some fungi

Question 8

What are two important components of fungi cell membranes?

Answer 8

sterols and ergosterol

**these can be targeted for treatment

Question 9

T/F: Fungi cell walls include cellulose

Answer 9

FALSE

glucan, mannan, and chitin

NO cellulose

Question 10

Are yeast unicellular or multicellular?

Answer 10

UNICELLULAR

Question 11

Is mold unicellular or multicellular?

Answer 11

MULTICELLULAR

Question 12

Mold has hyphae and fruiting bodies which contain ______

Answer 12

SPORES

Question 13

A group of tangled hyphae is called a ________

Answer 13

Mycelium

Question 14

What is special about dimorphic fungi?

Answer 14

They can grow as yeast or mold depending on the temperature

Question 15

At what temperatures does dimorphic fungi grow as yeast?

Temperature it will grow as mold?

Answer 15

HIGH temp (body temp) = Yeast

Lower temp (room temp) = mold

**these are HIGHLY PATHOGENIC fungi

Question 16

What divides hyphae making them segmented?

Answer 16

septa

Can have Septate vs non-septate hyphae

Question 17

If hyphae is pigmented dark, it is _________ fungus.

If hyphae is non-pigmented it is ________ fungus

Answer 17

Dark - dematiaceaous fungus

No pigment - hyaline fungus

Question 18

When fungus invades the tissue and induces its pathogenic effect, that is a _________ _____

Answer 18

Fungal infection

Question 19

What is mycotoxicosis?

Answer 19

Fungal contamination or growth on food that leads to accumulation of toxins. When consumed, the toxins will induce severe dz

NOT A FUNGAL INFECTION

Question 20

T/F: Fungi can induce allergic reactions or hypersensitivities

Answer 20

TRUE

Question 21

Who are the typical host of environmental fungal infections?

Answer 21

Immunocompromised

Fungi are opportunistic

Question 22

Characteristically, fungi will induce chronic, ______ infections

Answer 22

granulomatous

Question 23

T/F: there are many different antimicrobial treatment options for fungal infections

Answer 23

FALSE

Limited

Question 24

Is under diagnosis a problem causing the rate of fungal infections to rise?

Answer 24

YES

Question 25

What are the different variations of fungal infections? (where they infect)

Answer 25

Superficial - limited to outer most layers of skin and hair Cutaneous - extend deeper SQ - infections involving the dermis, subQ tissue, muscle and fascia SYSTEMIC - primarily in the lung but can spread to other organs

Question 26

T/F: using immune response is one way to dx fungal infections

Answer 26

TRUE - Agar gel immunodiffusion and ELISA

Question 27

What is an easy test that can be performed in your clinic to test for superficial fungal infections?

Answer 27

Use tape to make an impression smear and use India Ink - to make wet mount

Question 28

T/F: Histopathology is not a helpful test when looking to dx a fungal infection

Answer 28

FALSE fungus can be seen in histo

Question 29

What special stains might you use to dx a fungal infection via cytology?

Answer 29

``` India ink (impression smear) KOH (hair or fresh tissue) Calcofluor stain (fresh tissue) ** requires UV microscope ```

Question 30

What special media is used to grow fungus and why?

Answer 30

Special media needed for growth - but also use it to inhibit bacterial growth (low pH) Sabouraud Dextrose Agar

Question 31

What media can you use in house to use for fungal culture?

Answer 31

Dermatophyte test media Scotch tape prep and LPCB stain

Question 32

What diagnostics are used to get a definitive identification of fungus?

Answer 32

DNA probes and sequencing Exoantigen and serotyping Mating studies virulence testing

Question 33

T/F: Majority of antifungal drugs inhibit sterol/

Answer 33

FALSE Majority inhibit ERGOSTEROL (component of the cell wall)

Question 34

What antimicrobial inhibits DNA synthesis?

Answer 34

Flucytosine

Question 35

What is the MOA of Griseofulvin and what type of fungus is it used for?

Answer 35

Inhibits Mitosis - it accumulates in keratin Used for dermatophytes only

Question 36

T/F: Fungal susceptibility is often done in conjunction with a fungal culture

Answer 36

FALSE these are rarely done, not easy to do

Question 37

Is the cell mediated immunity or humoral immunity more active when there is a fungal infection?

Answer 37

cellular*** dominates antibodies can be made but are not effective for protection

Question 38

What fungus is responsible for a phaeohyphomycosis?

Answer 38

Dematiaceous (brown pigmented) fungus

Question 39

T/F: Zygomycetes are fast growing, terrestrial, largely saprophytic fungi

Answer 39

TRUE

Question 40

Mycetoma is a mycotic infection caused by a number of different fungi and what bacteria?

Answer 40

Actinomycetes *characterized by draining sinuses, granules, and tumefaction

Question 41

Rounded sclerotic bodies are characteristic of what kind of fungal infection?

Answer 41

Chromoblastomycosis