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RUSVM BacT Spring 2017 > Mycology > Flashcards

Mycology Flashcards

1
Q

What is mycology?

A

The study of fungi

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2
Q

Where are fungi found in the environment?

A

EVERYWHERE

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3
Q

Are fungi Eukaryotes or Prokaryotes?

A

Eukaryotes

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4
Q

T/F: Fungi are free living organisms

A

TRUE

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5
Q

The majority of fungi are _______

A

non-pathogens

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6
Q

T/F: Fungi that are saprophytes are pathogenic

A

FALSE

Heterotrophs are pathogenic

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7
Q

How do fungi reproduce?

A

Asexually - fragmentation and budding through spores

Sexually reproduction is seen in some fungi

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8
Q

What are two important components of fungi cell membranes?

A

sterols and ergosterol

**these can be targeted for treatment

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9
Q

T/F: Fungi cell walls include cellulose

A

FALSE

glucan, mannan, and chitin

NO cellulose

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10
Q

Are yeast unicellular or multicellular?

A

UNICELLULAR

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11
Q

Is mold unicellular or multicellular?

A

MULTICELLULAR

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12
Q

Mold has hyphae and fruiting bodies which contain ______

A

SPORES

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13
Q

A group of tangled hyphae is called a ________

A

Mycelium

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14
Q

What is special about dimorphic fungi?

A

They can grow as yeast or mold depending on the temperature

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15
Q

At what temperatures does dimorphic fungi grow as yeast?

Temperature it will grow as mold?

A

HIGH temp (body temp) = Yeast

Lower temp (room temp) = mold

**these are HIGHLY PATHOGENIC fungi

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16
Q

What divides hyphae making them segmented?

A

septa

Can have Septate vs non-septate hyphae

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17
Q

If hyphae is pigmented dark, it is _________ fungus.

If hyphae is non-pigmented it is ________ fungus

A

Dark - dematiaceaous fungus

No pigment - hyaline fungus

18
Q

When fungus invades the tissue and induces its pathogenic effect, that is a _________ _____

A

Fungal infection

19
Q

What is mycotoxicosis?

A

Fungal contamination or growth on food that leads to accumulation of toxins. When consumed, the toxins will induce severe dz

NOT A FUNGAL INFECTION

20
Q

T/F: Fungi can induce allergic reactions or hypersensitivities

A

TRUE

21
Q

Who are the typical host of environmental fungal infections?

A

Immunocompromised

Fungi are opportunistic

22
Q

Characteristically, fungi will induce chronic, ______ infections

A

granulomatous

23
Q

T/F: there are many different antimicrobial treatment options for fungal infections

A

FALSE

Limited

24
Q

Is under diagnosis a problem causing the rate of fungal infections to rise?

A

YES

25
Q

What are the different variations of fungal infections? (where they infect)

A

Superficial - limited to outer most layers of skin and hair
Cutaneous - extend deeper
SQ - infections involving the dermis, subQ tissue, muscle and fascia
SYSTEMIC - primarily in the lung but can spread to other organs

26
Q

T/F: using immune response is one way to dx fungal infections

A

TRUE - Agar gel immunodiffusion and ELISA

27
Q

What is an easy test that can be performed in your clinic to test for superficial fungal infections?

A

Use tape to make an impression smear and use India Ink - to make wet mount

28
Q

T/F: Histopathology is not a helpful test when looking to dx a fungal infection

A

FALSE

fungus can be seen in histo

29
Q

What special stains might you use to dx a fungal infection via cytology?

A 
India ink (impression smear)
KOH (hair or fresh tissue)
Calcofluor stain (fresh tissue) ** requires UV microscope
30
Q

What special media is used to grow fungus and why?

A

Special media needed for growth - but also use it to inhibit bacterial growth (low pH)

Sabouraud Dextrose Agar

31
Q

What media can you use in house to use for fungal culture?

A

Dermatophyte test media

Scotch tape prep and LPCB stain

32
Q

What diagnostics are used to get a definitive identification of fungus?

A

DNA probes and sequencing
Exoantigen and serotyping
Mating studies
virulence testing

33
Q

T/F: Majority of antifungal drugs inhibit sterol/

A

FALSE

Majority inhibit ERGOSTEROL (component of the cell wall)

34
Q

What antimicrobial inhibits DNA synthesis?

A

Flucytosine

35
Q

What is the MOA of Griseofulvin and what type of fungus is it used for?

A

Inhibits Mitosis - it accumulates in keratin

Used for dermatophytes only

36
Q

T/F: Fungal susceptibility is often done in conjunction with a fungal culture

A

FALSE

these are rarely done, not easy to do

37
Q

Is the cell mediated immunity or humoral immunity more active when there is a fungal infection?

A

cellular*** dominates

antibodies can be made but are not effective for protection

38
Q

What fungus is responsible for a phaeohyphomycosis?

A

Dematiaceous (brown pigmented) fungus

39
Q

T/F: Zygomycetes are fast growing, terrestrial, largely saprophytic fungi

A

TRUE

40
Q

Mycetoma is a mycotic infection caused by a number of different fungi and what bacteria?

A

Actinomycetes

*characterized by draining sinuses, granules, and tumefaction

41
Q

Rounded sclerotic bodies are characteristic of what kind of fungal infection?

A

Chromoblastomycosis

RUSVM BacT Spring 2017 (15 decks)

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