Campylobacter, Heliobacter, Lawsonia

Question 1

Which of the following statements are incorrect about Campylobacter, Heliobacter, and Lawsonia?

1. They are gram negative
2. They are pathogens of GI tract and occasionally genital tract
3. Aerobic culture is the method of dx
4. All of these are extracellular

Answer 1

3 and 4

these organisms do not culture well - microaerophilic

Lawsonia is INTRAcellular

Question 2

Gillain Barre syndrome is associated with infection caused by what bacteria?

Answer 2

Campylobacter jejuni

also Zika virus

Question 3

The most common source of campylobacter jejuni infection is…?

Answer 3

***Poultry (major source is broiler chickens)
*unpasteurized milk
Pig
Cattle

Undercooked meat/milk

Question 4

What is the major route of infection of C. fetus subsp. fetus, and what does it cause?

Answer 4

Mode of infection - ingestion

Sporadic abortion in cattle and small ruminants

Question 5

The main manifestation of infection caused by C. fetus subsp. venerialis is_________, and the mode of transmission is _______.

Answer 5

infertility and early embryonic death

sexually transmitted
or fomites used in AI

Question 6

Which bacteria(s) is involved in hepatocellular neoplasms in mice?

Answer 6

Helicobacter bilis

Helicobacter hepaticus

Question 7

What dx test is used for diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infections in humans?

Answer 7

Urease

Question 8

Which bacteria is known to cause hypergastronemia and peptic ulcers in ferrets?

Answer 8

Helicobacter mustelae

Question 9

Lesion in the ileum of a poor doing foal (ileum is hemorrhagic, proliferative, thickened); most likely etiology is:

Answer 9

Lawsonia intracellularis

Question 10

Campylobacter are gram _____, _________, ______-cellular pathogens.

Answer 10

Gram Negative
Opportunistic
Extracellular

Question 11

Helicobacter are gram ________, _______, _____-cellular pathogens.

Answer 11

Gram negative
opportunistic
extracelluar

Question 12

Lawsonia are gram _________, _________, ______-cellular pathogens.

Answer 12

gram negative
opportunistic
Intracellular

Question 13

What shape are campylobacter, helicobacter, lawsonia?

Answer 13

SPIRAL (not spirochete)

Question 14

What appearance do campylobacter have under the microscope?

Answer 14

Seagull pattern ( wide V) - curved rods

Question 15

Who does C. jejuni infect?

Answer 15

All species of animals and humans (important food borne pathogen)

Question 16

What bacterium causes avian vibrionic hepatitis?

Answer 16

C. jejuni

Question 17

What are the virulence factors of C. jejuni?

Answer 17

Motile flagella
Heat Labile enterotoxin (causes dhr)
cytolethal distending toxin CDT (causes cell cycle arrest –> degeneration and destruction)

Question 18

T/F: C. jejuni infection could cause abortion in an infected pregnant animal

Answer 18

TRUE - if they have bacteremia

Question 19

What are the main pathogenesis seen in animals with C. jejunum infections?

Answer 19

superficial erosive colitis, ileitis, fluid loss

Question 20

T/F: C. jejuni infections don’t typically require treatment bc they are self limiting

Answer 20

TRUE!

may use fluoroquinolones or macrolides in severe cases

Question 21

How do humans get C. jejuni infections and what does it cause?

Answer 21

By eating undercooked infected meat - poultry***, pork, beef

Causes Gastro enteritis - but can cause Guillain Barre syndrome in complicated cases

Question 22

What does C. fetus supsp. venerealis cause in bulls?

Answer 22

subclinical infection in the preputial crypts

Question 23

T/F: Abortion is common in cattle infected with C. fetus subsp. venerealis

Answer 23

FALSE!
Abortion is rare in these infections

early embryonic death and infertility

Question 24

How do you diagnose C. fetus subsp. venerealis?

Answer 24

Must test bulls! organism are in smegma or semen of bulls - microscopy, FA, PCR. Cultures have special requirements

Rarely test cows via IgA detection in cervical or vaginal mucus

Question 25

How do you treat for C. fetus subsp. venerealis infections?

Answer 25

Control is key - test bulls and do not use carriers for breeding programs. Make sure semen for AI is tested

There is a vax available but it provides only short periods of immunity

Question 26

What lesions and where may you see them on an aborted fetus infected with C. fetus subsp. fetus?

Answer 26

Donut shaped lesions on the liver

these are similar to lesions listeria causes

Question 27

What does C. fetus subsp. fetus cause in sheep?

Answer 27

Ovine genital campylobacteriosis

Question 28

T/F: Helicobacter has many different spps. that can be both pathogenic and commensal in the gastric mucosa and intestine

Answer 28

TRUE!

Question 29

What virulence factor enables helicobacter to survive in such acidic pH?

Answer 29

Extracellular urease - it’s an acid neutralizer

Question 30

What can helicobacter infections cause?

Answer 30

Stomach ulcers and stomach adenocarcinoma

Helicobacter pylori - associated with human stomach cancer

Question 31

What would you use to treat stomach ulcers due to helicobacter spps?

Answer 31

Amoxicillin + metronidazole + clarithromycin

and proton pump inhibitors

Question 32

Who does lawsonia intracellularis infect?

Answer 32

Swine and foals

Question 33

T/F: A good diagnostic tool for lawsonia intracellularis is culture

Answer 33

FALSE - intracellular pathogen

Question 34

What does lawsonia intracellularis cause in swine?

Answer 34

Porcine proliferative enteropathy

Question 35

What tests should be used to dx lawsonia infections?

Answer 35

PCR (feces), Histo at necropsy - use Silver staining, or immunohistochemistry

Question 36

What antimicrobials has lawsonia shown to be resistance to?

Answer 36

resistance to beta lactams and aminoglycosides

Question 37

The lesions caused by lawsonia infections in swine and horses resemble lesions from what pathogen seen in cattle?

Answer 37

Johne’s disease - Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis