Campylobacter, Heliobacter, Lawsonia Flashcards
Which of the following statements are incorrect about Campylobacter, Heliobacter, and Lawsonia?
- They are gram negative
- They are pathogens of GI tract and occasionally genital tract
- Aerobic culture is the method of dx
- All of these are extracellular
3 and 4
these organisms do not culture well - microaerophilic
Lawsonia is INTRAcellular
Gillain Barre syndrome is associated with infection caused by what bacteria?
Campylobacter jejuni
also Zika virus
The most common source of campylobacter jejuni infection is…?
***Poultry (major source is broiler chickens)
*unpasteurized milk
Pig
Cattle
Undercooked meat/milk
What is the major route of infection of C. fetus subsp. fetus, and what does it cause?
Mode of infection - ingestion
Sporadic abortion in cattle and small ruminants
The main manifestation of infection caused by C. fetus subsp. venerialis is_________, and the mode of transmission is _______.
infertility and early embryonic death
sexually transmitted
or fomites used in AI
Which bacteria(s) is involved in hepatocellular neoplasms in mice?
Helicobacter bilis
Helicobacter hepaticus
What dx test is used for diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infections in humans?
Urease
Which bacteria is known to cause hypergastronemia and peptic ulcers in ferrets?
Helicobacter mustelae
Lesion in the ileum of a poor doing foal (ileum is hemorrhagic, proliferative, thickened); most likely etiology is:
Lawsonia intracellularis
Campylobacter are gram _____, _________, ______-cellular pathogens.
Gram Negative
Opportunistic
Extracellular
Helicobacter are gram ________, _______, _____-cellular pathogens.
Gram negative
opportunistic
extracelluar
Lawsonia are gram _________, _________, ______-cellular pathogens.
gram negative
opportunistic
Intracellular
What shape are campylobacter, helicobacter, lawsonia?
SPIRAL (not spirochete)
What appearance do campylobacter have under the microscope?
Seagull pattern ( wide V) - curved rods
Who does C. jejuni infect?
All species of animals and humans (important food borne pathogen)
What bacterium causes avian vibrionic hepatitis?
C. jejuni
What are the virulence factors of C. jejuni?
Motile flagella
Heat Labile enterotoxin (causes dhr)
cytolethal distending toxin CDT (causes cell cycle arrest –> degeneration and destruction)
T/F: C. jejuni infection could cause abortion in an infected pregnant animal
TRUE - if they have bacteremia
What are the main pathogenesis seen in animals with C. jejunum infections?
superficial erosive colitis, ileitis, fluid loss
T/F: C. jejuni infections don’t typically require treatment bc they are self limiting
TRUE!
may use fluoroquinolones or macrolides in severe cases
How do humans get C. jejuni infections and what does it cause?
By eating undercooked infected meat - poultry***, pork, beef
Causes Gastro enteritis - but can cause Guillain Barre syndrome in complicated cases
What does C. fetus supsp. venerealis cause in bulls?
subclinical infection in the preputial crypts
T/F: Abortion is common in cattle infected with C. fetus subsp. venerealis
FALSE!
Abortion is rare in these infections
early embryonic death and infertility
How do you diagnose C. fetus subsp. venerealis?
Must test bulls! organism are in smegma or semen of bulls - microscopy, FA, PCR. Cultures have special requirements
Rarely test cows via IgA detection in cervical or vaginal mucus
How do you treat for C. fetus subsp. venerealis infections?
Control is key - test bulls and do not use carriers for breeding programs. Make sure semen for AI is tested
There is a vax available but it provides only short periods of immunity
What lesions and where may you see them on an aborted fetus infected with C. fetus subsp. fetus?
Donut shaped lesions on the liver
these are similar to lesions listeria causes
What does C. fetus subsp. fetus cause in sheep?
Ovine genital campylobacteriosis
T/F: Helicobacter has many different spps. that can be both pathogenic and commensal in the gastric mucosa and intestine
TRUE!
What virulence factor enables helicobacter to survive in such acidic pH?
Extracellular urease - it’s an acid neutralizer
What can helicobacter infections cause?
Stomach ulcers and stomach adenocarcinoma
Helicobacter pylori - associated with human stomach cancer
What would you use to treat stomach ulcers due to helicobacter spps?
Amoxicillin + metronidazole + clarithromycin
and proton pump inhibitors
Who does lawsonia intracellularis infect?
Swine and foals
T/F: A good diagnostic tool for lawsonia intracellularis is culture
FALSE - intracellular pathogen
What does lawsonia intracellularis cause in swine?
Porcine proliferative enteropathy
What tests should be used to dx lawsonia infections?
PCR (feces), Histo at necropsy - use Silver staining, or immunohistochemistry
What antimicrobials has lawsonia shown to be resistance to?
resistance to beta lactams and aminoglycosides
The lesions caused by lawsonia infections in swine and horses resemble lesions from what pathogen seen in cattle?
Johne’s disease - Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis
