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FWS Exam > Rhone > Flashcards

Rhone Flashcards

1
Q

What are the major rivers that impact Rhone?

A

Glacial water from Alpine, pour into lake of Geneva, travel through Jura mountains en route to the city of Lyron. At Rhone, joined with another river Saone, flow through til Mediterrnean sea.

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2
Q

What is the climate in Rhone?

A

a continental climate meets up with a Mediterranean one.

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3
Q

Cuisine au berre

A

butter based cooking traditional to the north

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4
Q

Cuisine a L’buile

A

southern olive oil based cooking

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5
Q

The soil in Rhone

A

Granit and schist of the massif Central (west)

the sedimentary soils of the Alps and its foothills (east)

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6
Q
A
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7
Q

What are the two grapes that contested as their place of origin but indeed Rhone

A

Syrah and Viognier

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8
Q

Carole Meredith

A

Professor at UC Davis

Proves that Syrah is indeed indigenous to the Rhone, not Iran

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9
Q

Syrah is the cross between which two graps?

A

Duerza

Mondeuse

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10
Q

__ initiated formal viticulture.

A

Phocacans

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11
Q

Romans’ impact on Rhone’s viticulture?

A

Transformed many of the steep slopes of northern Rhone into walled terraces.

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12
Q

The Avignon Papacy

A

From 1309- 1376, seven French Popes governed the Catholic churck

They embraced the wine of the Rhone.

Pope John XXII built a summer residence 11 miles north of Avignon - which is today’s Chateauneuf de pape”. First it was called Vins de Pape

Wine from Chateauneuf de Pape and other sourthern Rhone was sold to Burgundy as “Vins de Medecine” to add pigmen, tannin and ripe fruit.

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13
Q

Chateauneauf du Pape means

A

The new castle of the pope

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14
Q

La Cote Du Rhone and Les Cotes Du Rhone

A

La Cote De Rhone was the name of an administrative district in the Vicariate of Uzers.

Lies within the southern Rhone department of the Gard

They stared calling their wines Cote du Rhone

1737 King Louis XV issued an edict to enforce the branding

1980, it became plural Le Cotes Du Rhone as a regional moniker

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15
Q

Northern Rhone wines are known as

Southern Rhone are known as

A

Cotes du Rhone Septentrionales

Cotes du Rhone Meridionales

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16
Q

True or False: Cotes de Rhone is the regional AOC of the region called les Cotes de Rhone.

A

True

68% of the production

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17
Q

What are the other AOCs in Les Cotes de Rhone?

A

Cotes de Rhone (regional 68%)

CDR Village (5%)

CDR Village-Names Villages (9%)

17 Cru AOC (17%) including 2 Vin Doux Naturels (1%)

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18
Q

True or North: Not all Rhone valley wines are in Cotes de Rhone

A

true

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19
Q

Phylloxera

A

1870

Mourvedre lost footing in southern Rhone due to the difficulty to grafting

Grenache and Syrah came to dominate the region

Today, Grenache 65%, Syrah 18% and only 3% Mourvedre

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20
Q

The creation of AOC system

A
  • by Baron Pierre Le Roy de Boisequamarie, vineyard owner and president of the Syndicate of Chateauneauf-du-Pape.
  • learned from Roquefort cheese
  • first AOC system 1935, cofounded the INAO

1936, Arbois, Cassis, and Chateauneauf-du-Pape received the status

  • 1937, Cotes de Rhone received the status
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21
Q

What changed the landscape of the valley in the modern history

A

1956, cold windy weather from Mistral lasted 3 weeks, which caused the region’s olive and fruit trees to perish.

In 1990, Rhone became international inspiriation such as America, Austrian, South Africa, South America, so the original Rhone became even more prestigious.

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22
Q

What is the second-largest AOC wine producer

A

Rhone

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23
Q

Location of Rhone

A

Lyon and Beaujolais to the North

Languedoc and Provence to the South-west and South-east

The pre-Apls to the East

The mountains of the Massif Central to the west

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24
Q

The Rhone river runs the length of the entire Rhone region from __ to ___

A

Vienne

Nimes

25
Q

Parallele 45

A

Paul Jaboulet Aine produces a wine called this name

asserting the significance of the area’s placement on this latitudinal line

halfway between the equator and the pole

26
Q

The Rhone valley vineyards are situated between the __ and __ parallels north.

A

44th

45th

27
Q

The overwhelming majority of the production of Rhone is __

A

red (86%)

28
Q

Two common denominators of Rhone climate

A

Mistral

The Rhone River

29
Q

The River Effect

A

moderating effect on temperature

equalize diurnal and seasonal temperature swings

aids bud break and help reduce the frosts

Northern Rhone - the river effect is intensified because most of the vineyards flank the steep and narrow banks

Southern Rhone - the landscape flattens

30
Q

The Mistral Effect

A

Intense wine that originates as masses of cold jar lying atop of North Sea and Atlantic Ocean.

The cold air masses are pulled towards the warm air of the Mediterranean in an atmospheric equalization nf temperature that creates mistral.

Blows sporadically year round for both north and sourth

Southern Rhone - the vines grow leaning south due to the force; untrellised and trained close to the ground

Northern Rhone - the ideal vineyards are located on south east facing slopes to minimize their exposure to the Mistral

it clears away clouds and dut and delivers sunny skies, dry weather

31
Q

Northern Rhone only represents _ percent of the Cote de Rhone and _ of the total production of the entire Rhone valley

A

5

4

32
Q

Northern Rhone Climate

A

Continental

varies, fog with a chance of frost, but can also be sunny and dry

fog brings molds and mildews, wine causes coulure

the temperature drops earlier in the Norther such Syrah and Viognier are planted

33
Q

Coulure

A

cool temperatures at bud break decrease yields

34
Q

Who built the walled terrace in Rhone

A

Roman

35
Q

Northern Rhone soil

A

granite sub soil with a fine topsoil of decomposed crystalline mica-schist and granite sands

pockets of calcareous soils mixed with galets and patches of shingle-clay (no-tably in Crozes-Hermitage)

Stony soil emit the heat and create microclimate to 50F just enough for photosynthesis, this retains heat much better than the clay

36
Q

What is the primary wine from Norther Rhone

A

dry reds

37
Q

Why does Norther Rhone add Viognier, Marsanne and Roussanne to Syrah

A

aromatic complexity

soften tannins

38
Q

What are the major grapes of Northern Rhone

A

Syran

Viognier

Marsanne

Roussanne

39
Q

What are some of the late harvest and botrytized wine in Northern Rhone

A

Viognier of Condrieu

Hermitge’s sweet Vins de Paille (Marsanne and Rousanne are harvested and dried on straw mats for 45 days)

40
Q

Northern Rhone boundary

A

North: Vienne

South: Valence

41
Q

What is the style of Northern Rhone red

A

dry with ample tannin

built to age, accrue meaty, gamey and leathery notes over time

42
Q

Viticulture in Northern Rhone

A
  • Require repositioning of soil for un-terraced vineyards
  • teepee-fashion trellising (ecbalas), provide support and wind production
  • most harvest is manual because of the slopes
43
Q

echalas

A

teepee fashion trellising

44
Q

Diois location

A

25 miles southeast of Cornas

marks the southwestern edge of the pre-alpine region, known as Massif de Vecrors

45
Q

True or False: Diois is part of the Northern Rhone but not included in Les Cotes de Rhone

A

True

46
Q

The climate of Diois

A

continental climate with alpine influence

mountain range, cooler temperature

47
Q

The soil of Diois

A

limestone and clay

48
Q

The red grapes of Diois

A

Gamay

Pinot Noir

Syrah

49
Q

The white grapes of Diois

A

Clairette

Muscat a Petit Grains Blanc

Chardonnay

Aligote

50
Q

What is the majority of the style of wine produced in Diois?

A

white sparkling wine made in

  • ancestral method (clairette de Die-Method Dioise Ancenstral)
  • traditional method (Clairette de Die or Cremant de Die)
51
Q

What are the four AOCs of Diois

A

Clairette de Die

Cremant de Die

Coteaux de Die

Chatillon en Diois

52
Q

The location of southern rhone

A

Montelimar to Nime

the vineyards of Cote de Rhone stops at city of Avignon

include other IGP and other AOCs

53
Q

The climate of Southern Rhone

A

Mediterranean

54
Q

The topography of Southern Rhone

A

broad rocky plains and rugged mountain terrain

glaciers passed through during the last Ice Age, form large galets

55
Q

The soil type of Southern Rhone

A

Galets - dense, layered powerful wines

Shingle Clay - powerful tannic age worth

Limestone - good acidity and sleek polished tannins

Red sandstone - full of black fruit, spice and leather

Loess/Molasse - bright whites, rose and simple red

56
Q

What are the main grapes of Souther Rhone

A

Grenache blanc, Clariette, Viognier for whites

Grenache Noir, Syrah, Mourvedre, Carignan, Cinsault for reds

57
Q

The syn for Counoise

A

Moustardier, southern rhone

58
Q

Viticulture in Souther Rhone

A
  • goblelet. protects from mistral
  • newer vineyards use trellization
  • spaced wider apart than Northern Rhone due to depleted soil and lack of water
  • require approval for irrigation
  • most vineyards can be hand harvested or machine
59
Q

What is one AOC in Southern Rhone that mandates hand harvest

A

Beaumes de Venis AOC

FWS Exam (15 decks)

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