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FWS Exam > Languedoc > Flashcards

Languedoc Flashcards

1
Q

What does Languedoc region mean?

A

references the “langue d’Oi” or the “language of Oc”. Oi in this language means “yes”

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2
Q

Who founded Marseille?

A

Phocaeans (600BC)

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3
Q

What is Via Domitia?

A

The Romans arrived in 125BC and built the first road in France called Via Domitia

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4
Q

What is the triangle that enables cargo to pass from sea to river to land and vice vesa?

A

Narbo (southwest of Montpellier), the Aude River and the Mediterranean

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5
Q

Why did wine trade was stymied in Languedoc-Rousiilon?

A

Under the edict of Domitius, wanted to protect local Roman produce and good.

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6
Q

What is mutage?

A

A process of adding spirit to must to obtain a stable sweet wine, 400 years before “port” was created. By Arnaud de Villeneuve

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7
Q

Why is Montpellier important?

A

It is considered part of the Argon Empire , in 1289, the University of Montpellier was officially established by the Roman Catholic Church

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8
Q

Canal de Midi

A

The stretch that connects the Mediterranean port of Sete to the Caronne River in Toulouse. The Caronne then flowed to the Port of Bordeaux and the Gironde Estuary, and from there to the Atlantic. The second half of the canel paralled the Garonne and eliminated river travel altogether. It was named UNESCO World Heritage site.

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9
Q

who is the Languedoc’s prime trading partner during the 17th century?

A

the Dutch

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10
Q

What did the second canal connect?

A

Toulouse to the city of Castets, parallel to the Caroone

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11
Q

What caused the quadruple production of Languedoc wine ?

A

The opening of the French Railway between Paris, Lyon and Marseille in 1855

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12
Q

Which wine region was the first of French wine regions to be replanted on american rootstocks after phylloxera?

A

Languedoc

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13
Q

What is vin de table?

A

A business model that allow small growers to cooperatively use a member owned winery for production purpose. Happened around 1930.

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14
Q

Where is the first French wine co-op created?

A
  1. in Maraussan near Montpellier
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15
Q

What style of wine production constitutes the largest wine production in Langeudoc?

A

co-operatives. 65%

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16
Q

What is the largest winemaking region in southern France?

A

Languedoc-Roussilon

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17
Q

What is Vins de Pays

A

Created in 1968, as a way to allow wine producer the flexibility to experiment outside the relatively restrictive structure. Lanueduc-Roussilon embraced this more than other wine regions.

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18
Q

What did Vins de Pays d’Oc enable?

A

Because of the union between Languedoc and Rousillion, Vins de Pays d’Oc and Languedoc AOC can incorporate grapes from both Languedoc and Roussillon.

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19
Q

What constitutes the main wine production in Languedoc-Roussillon? IGP or AOC

A

IGP

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20
Q

Tell about the wine production figures among AOC, IGP and Vins Sans IG

A

AOC (19%), IGP (68%) and Vins Sans IG (13%)

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21
Q

What is France’s largest wine export?

A

IGP Pays d’Oc

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22
Q

What is the largest wine classfication for Languedoc?

A

IPG Pays d’Oc, three times the volume of the Languedoc AOC

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23
Q

What does IGP stand for?

A

Indication Geographique Protegee

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24
Q

True or False: Vins De Pays is the same as IPG

A

True. Vins de Pays was the original name, changed to IGP in 2009.

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25
Q

What are the four French departments in Languedoc?

A

North to South: Lozere, Gard, Herault, and Aude

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26
Q

Where do you find the more concentrated wines in Languedoc?

A

more mountainous area

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27
Q

Describe Languedoc’s climate?

A
  1. mild winter and hot dry summer 2. rainfall can be violet that can flood the parched landscape 3. the strong northern wind balance with the unwanted moisture from the sea
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28
Q

What are the three different topographical zones for Languedoc?

A

the coastal plains, hillsides and mountains , and the Atlantic corridor

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29
Q

Describe the coastal plain zone for Languedoc?

A

flat, low lying and fertile, the alluvial plains are where the highest yield situated. entry level IGP

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30
Q

Describe the mountain and hillside zone for Languedoc?

A

elevation up to 1320 plus a wide variety of mesoclimates. The mountain traps both heat and sun, providing cooling current during the evening, also blocks rain and cloud

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31
Q

Atlantic Corridor

A

The western extremity of the Languedoc, where the Atlantic and Mediterranean forces meet. Bordeaux varieties are planted alongside their Mediterranean counterparts.

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32
Q

Limoux

A

Southern extremity of the Atlantic Corridor. famous for white and sparkling wine because the atlantic breezes

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33
Q

Describe the soil of Languedoc

A
  1. complex of both young and ancient, with plenty of rocks. 2. Mountain slopes tend to be stony shale and limestone. ancient soil. 3. Garrigue is known on the limestone soil. 4. lowland plains are fertile. with younger sedimentary and/or alluvial soils. fruity wine.
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34
Q

Garrigue in Languedoc

A

a type of soil on limestone that is so poor that they can only support resinous herbs. They deliver both red/white wines with high acidity and red wine with polished tannins.

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35
Q

What are the white AOC grapes?

A

Grenache Blanc, Grenache Gris, Bourboulenc, Clairette, Piquepoul Blanc, Rolle, Marsanne, Viognier, Roussanne, Maccabeu, Muscat a Petits Grains Blanc, Mauzac Blanc, Chardonnary, Chenin Blanc

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36
Q

What are the red AOC grape?

A

Grenache Noir, Carignan, Mourvedre, Syrah, Cinsault, Fer Servadou, Lladoner Pelut, Piquepoul Noir, Terret Noir, Aspiran, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cab France, Merlot Malbec, Pinot Noir

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37
Q

True or False: all varieties are permitted in AOC and IGP for Languedoc. Red, white and rose

A

True

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38
Q

True or False: Carmenere is allowed in Languedoc’s AOC red

A

False

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39
Q

What is the synonyms for Cot

A

Malbec

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40
Q
A
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41
Q

What is the synonyms for Ugni Blanc?

A

Trebbiano

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42
Q

What is the synonym for Rolle?

A

Vermentino

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43
Q

Non varietally labled wines must consist of what percentage of primary grapes?

A

50%

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44
Q

What is the rule for single cepage wine in Languedoc?

A
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45
Q

When can wine be labelled with several grape varieties in Lnaguedoc?

A

If they are principal grape and each constitute at least 15%

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46
Q

Can white grapes be incorporated into red and rose in Languedoc?

A

yes, if red/white varieties are fermented togetyher and white is less than 20%

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47
Q

AOC Languedoc dominate red wine grapes?

A

Grenache Noir, Lladoner Pelut, Syrah, Mourvedre (mini 50%), Cinsault, Carigan (max 40%)

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48
Q

AOC Languedoc dominate white grapes

A

Bourboulenc, Grenach Blanc, Roussanne, Marsanne, Rolle, Clairette, Picpoul

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49
Q

True or False: AOC Languedoc can not include fruite from Roussilon.

A

false

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50
Q

True or False: Wine from AOC Languedoc have to be blends of at least two grapes

A

True

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51
Q

How many districts under AOC Languedoc?

A

12

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52
Q

What does DGC stand for?

A

Denominations Geographiques Complementaires

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53
Q

True or False: If DCG is added as a prefix to AOC Languedoc, then all fruit must hail from the named zone of production

A

True

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54
Q

Does AOC Languedoc allow all three types of wine?

A

Yes

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55
Q

What is the wine produced in Clairette De Languedoc AOC?

A

White

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56
Q

What is the grape for Clairette de Languedoc AOC?

A

Clairette

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57
Q

What is the soil type for Clairette De Languedoc AOC?

A

Limestone with some quartx and schist in the north

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58
Q

What are the two olest still wine AOCs in Languedoc?

A

Clairette de Languedoc AOC and Fitou AOC

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59
Q

What are the two AOCs in Languedoc that produce white wine only?

A

Clairette de Languedoc and Picpoul de Pinet

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60
Q

Describe the type of wine, soil and grape for Picpoul de Pinet AOC in Languedoc?

A

White, limestone, Picpoul

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61
Q

Describe style, soil and primary grapes for Faugeres-Cru AOC in Languedoc?

A

Style: red (85%), Rose (13%) and white (2%)

Soil: schist

Red: syrah, Grenache, Mourvedre, Carigan and Cinsult

White: Grenache Blanc, Roussanne, Marsanne, Vermentino, Bouboulenc, Clairette and Viognier

62
Q

Describe style, soil and grapes for Saint Chinian AOC in Languedoc?

A

Style: red (83%), rose (13%) white (4%)

Soil: schist (north), clay/limestone (south)

Red: Grenache, syrah, Mourvedre, Lladoner Pelut, Carignan, Cinsault

White: Grenache blanc, Marsanne, Roussanne, Vermentino

63
Q

What are the two Crus found in Saint Chinian?

A

Berlou and Roquebrun

64
Q

What is the style, soil and grapes for Terrasses de Larzac AOC?

A

red

clay, stone, iron rich reddish clay (ruffe) and lime stone from the Causse de Larzac

Syrah, Grenache, Mourvedre, Carignan, Cinsault

low yields

high diurnal

65
Q

What are the style, soil and grapes for Minervois AOC in Languedoc?

A

red (94%), white (2%) and rose (4%)

soil: clay, limestone, some sandstone, marble and schist

Red: Syrah, Grenache, Mourvedre, Carignan, Cinsault, Terret, Aspiran, Piquepoul

White: Marsanne, Rousanne, Maccabeu, Bourboulenc, Clairette, Grenache Blanc, Vermentino, Muscat a Petits Grains

66
Q

What are the style, soil and grapes for Corbieres AOC in Languedoc?

A

red(95%), rose(3%), white (2%)

soil: predominantly limestone with schist, red clays, galets and marl

Red: Carignan, Grenache, Mourvedre, Syrah, Lladoner Pelut, Cinsault,

White: Grenache blanc, Bouboulenc, Marsanne, Roussanne, Vermentino, Clairette, Teret, Muscat

the biggest, non regional appellation in the Languedoc

4th largest in France

67
Q

What are the style, soil and grapes for Fitou AOC?

A

red

clay/limestone(Maritime region), Limestone/Sandstone(Haut Fitou)

Carignan/Grenache (min 60%), Syrah and Mourvedre

68
Q

What are the style, soil and grape for La Clape-Cru AOC?

A

Red (90%), white (10%)

Soil: mostly limestone with some sandstone and red iron rish soils

Red: Grenache, Syrah, Mourvedre, Carignan and Cinsault

White: Bourboulenc, Clairette, Grenache Blanc, Marsanne, Roussanne, Piepoul, Rolle

One of the most beautiful yet hostile location for growing grapes

Massif de la Clape - a limestone outcrop

one of the hhighest quality appellations

69
Q
A
70
Q

What are the style, soil and grapes for Cabardes AOC?

A

Red (90%) and rose (10%)

soils: limestone, with granite and gneiss on the higher slopes

Grapes: merlot, cabernet sauvignon, cab franc, syrah, grenache, Cot, Fer Servadou, Cinsulat

71
Q

Tie or “honorable draw” in Languedoc

A

Cooler Atlantic breezers meet the more temperate humid windes of the Mediterranean. They blow alternatively in an evenly didivded struggle. In Cabardes AOC

72
Q

What is the only AOC in Languec where “tie”/”honorable draw” reflects?

A

Cabardres AOC

73
Q

What is the style, soil and grape for Malepere AOC?

A

Red (70%) and Rose (30%)

soil: clay/Limestone

Grape: Merlot, Cot, Cab France, Cab Sauvignon, Grenache, and Consult

Rose must be 50% of Cab Franc

74
Q

What is the most westeerly appellation of the Languedoc ?

A

Malepere AOC

75
Q

What is the major red grape for Malepere AOC in Languedoc?

A

Merlot (min 50%)

76
Q

What is the style, soil and grape for Limoux AOC?

A

Red, white and sparkling

soil: limestone interpresed with sandstone, quartz and claz

Red: Merlot, Cot, Cab, Cab France, Grenache, Syrah and Carignan

White and sparkling: Mauzac, Chenin Blanc, Chardonnay

77
Q

True or False: Pinot Noir is permitted for Crement de Limoux and AOC

A

False. Only permitted for Cremant de Limoux sparkling, not for red blend.

78
Q

What is the southernmost of the “Atlantic Corridor” in Languedoc?

A

Limoux AOC

79
Q
A
80
Q

What is the style and grape for Blanquette de Limoux AOC in Languedoc?

A

90% Mauzac, up to 10% Chenin Blanc and Chardonnay

81
Q

What is the main grape for Blanquette de Limoux AOC?

A

Mauzac

82
Q

What is the other name for Mauzac

A

Blanquette

83
Q

What is the history of Blanquette de Limoux?

A

is the oldest sparkling wine in the world. The wines are aged 9 months sur lie and are made in either brut or demi-sec style. by the monks at the abbey in Saint-Hilaire.

84
Q

What is the style, soil and grapes for Crement de Limoux AOC?

A

Chardonnay, Chenin Blanc, Mauzac and/or Pinot Noir

Crement undergoes a minimum of 12 months aging sur lie.

Most blends have a high roportion of Chardonnay, Chennic blan with the balance of Mauzac

85
Q

What is the style, grape for Blanquette Method Ancestrale AOC?

A

100% Mauzac

86
Q

What are the two ways to make Blanquette Method Ancestral AOC?

A

1) partial fermented must is chilled in Decemberand bottled in March under the waning moon. Lightly sparking wine which is slightly cloudy due to the yeast still present in the bottle.
2) odern approach is to chill the partially fermented must and them bottle with the addition of yearst and disgorge afer a brief 2-3 months aging

Finished wine must not exceed 7%alcohol

residual sugar should lie between 6-8%

undergo a minimum of two months aging before release

the additio of yeast is allowed to initiate the second fermentation

no liqueur d’expedition is allowed

87
Q

What is the grape for Limoux AOC, white still

A

Mauzac (min 15%) , chardonnay, chenin blanc

allow 3 authorized grape

hand harvesting

barrel fermentation

aging in barrel until at least May following the vintage (min 7 months)

88
Q

Which AOC has some of the best chardonnay produced in Languedoc?

A

Limoux AOC, white still

89
Q

What is the grape for Limoux AOC, red still

A

Merlot , Cot/Syrah, Carignna, Cab Saugivnon and Cab Franc

a blend of at least 3 grapes

machine or hand harvesting

aging in tank or barrel for a min of 7 months

90
Q

What is the grape varity for Vins Doux Naturels AOC

A

Muscat a Petits Grains Blanc

91
Q

Describe the crafting of VDN in Languedoc?

A

single grape: Muscat a Petits Grains Blanc

fermentating must is fortified with a neutral grape spirit

15% alcohol

a minimum of 11% residual sugar (with the exception of saint jean de minervois at 12.5%)

harvested by hand

no irrigation is permitted

92
Q

What is mutage?

A

The process of arresting a fermenting must through the addition of grape spirit

93
Q

Key terms to descrive the reductive and oxidative VDNs

A

Within the red category there are two distinct styles called rancio or rimage. Rancio wines are made in an oxidative style, while rimage wines are made in a non-oxidative (i.e reductive) way to preserve the freshness and fruitiness of the wine.

94
Q

What are three categories of IPF wine in Languedoc?

A

Regional IGP, Department IGP, Laocal IGP

95
Q

What are the six regional IGPs in France

A

IGP Pays d’Oc, IGP Val de Loire, IGP Atlantique, IGP Mediterranee, IGP Comte Tolosan, and IGP Comtes de Rhodaniens

96
Q

What is the most important regional IGP in France?

A

IGP Pays d’Oc

97
Q

What is Vins Sans IG?

A

wines without a geographic indication, labelled as Vin de France

98
Q

What region is the number one producer of Vins Sans IG in France

A

Southern France

99
Q

What is the raditional pruning method in Languedoc?

A

Gobelet (newer ones switched to Guyot)

100
Q

What are the viticultural practices in Languedoc?

A

Gobelet

east-west facing

irrigation is permitted through May

higest nubmer of certified organic wine producers

largest certified organic area

101
Q

What is the production style for Roussillon?

A

75% is produced by its 60 co-operative wineries.

102
Q

What is Roussillon wine known for?

A

fortified dessert wines. 80% of all French Vins Doux Naturels.

103
Q

What is the spanish name for Carignan?

A

Carinena

104
Q

What is the spanish name for Mourvedre?

A

Mataro/Monastrell

105
Q

What wine region is considered French Catalogne?

A

Roussilon

106
Q

How many AOCs in Roussillon?

A

13

107
Q

What appellations can incorporate fruit from Languedoc and Roussilon?

A

IGP Pays d’Oc and AOC Languedoc

108
Q

Why does Roussillon produce less than Languedoc?

A

signifantly lower yields, rugged landscope and poor soil

109
Q

What is Roussillon’s climate

A

Mediterrnean

110
Q

What is the main geological difference between Languedoc and Roussilon?

A

more mountainous terrain in Roussillon

111
Q

What is the soil of Roussillon?

A

icon rich, sandy , red water retaining clay. rousse - means red.

112
Q

What is the one grape addition for Roussillon compared to Languedoc?

A

Tourbat (white), kknow as Malvoisie du Roussillon

113
Q

What are the three rivers in Roussillon and their signficance to the wine region?

A

Aglu, Yet and Tec, whose headwaters are located in the Pyrenees, run through the plains to empty into the mediterranean. The water is pure, nutrient-rich and cold, which helps temper the areas around them.

114
Q

What is the largest AOC in Roussillon?

A

Cote du Roussillon

115
Q

Cote De Roussillon style and grapes

A

Red (80%), Rose (13%) and White (7%)

Red/Rose: Carignan, Grenache Noir, Syrah, Mourvedre, Cinsault,

White: Grenache blanc, Grenache Gris, Maccbeu, Roussanne, Marsanne, Rolle

yield: 3 tons/acres

116
Q

What is the one cru within Cote Du Roussillon AOC?

A

Cote du Roussillon Les Aspres, but in trnsition to Village

117
Q

Style and grapes for Cote de Roussillon Villages AOC

A

Red

Grenache, Carignan, Lladoner, Pelut, Syrah, Mourvedre

Grenache focused, but all wines mubh be a blend of at least 2 grapes and no single grape can exceed 70%.

No Cinsault.

Yield: 2.7 tons/acrs

total 4 villages

118
Q

Style and Grape for Collioure AOC in Roussillon?

A

Red, white, rose

Red/Rose: grenache, syrah, mouvedre, carignan

white: grenache blanc, grenache gris,

119
Q

Which AOC is the sourthermost appellation in France?

A

Collioure

120
Q

Which two AOCs share the same delimited areas in Roussillon?

A

Collioure - dry wine

Banyuls - Vins Doux Naturels

121
Q

Maury AOC style and grapes

A

Red

Grenache Noir, Carignan, Syrah, Mourvedre, Lladoner Pelut

is allowed to produce dry wines as well as Vins Doux Naturels

dry wine must be a blend of a minimum of 2 grapes with GrenacheNoir as the main.

minimum 6 months o aging

122
Q

How many appellations for VDN in Roussilon?

A

5.

4 are Grenache varieties

1 entirely on Muscat

123
Q

What is the wine process for VDN in Roussillon?

A

a minimum of 15% alcohol level

grapes are picked with more than 25.2% sugar at harvest

pure alcohol is added during fermentation (in the amount of 5-10 % of total juice volume)

124
Q

What is hors d’age?

A

if oxidized wine underwent a minimum ageing of five years

125
Q

What is the most important IGP in Roussillon?

A

IGP Pays d”oc

126
Q

What is the second most important IGP in terms of production in Roussillon?

A

Pyrenees Orientales (often marketed as IGP Pays d’Oc)

127
Q

True or False. The oxidative style will continue to improve in the bottle.

A

False, they can keep for decades, but they wont improve.

after opening, reductive VDN should be consumed within two days,

oxidative VDN can keep for a week.

128
Q
A
129
Q

What is the main grape variety of Corbieres AOC

A

Carignan

130
Q

What Languedoc appellation is based on a minimuym 50% merlot?

A

Malepere

131
Q

What is the largest non-regional AOC in Languedoc in terms of geographic size?

A

Corbieres (also the 4th largest one)

132
Q

What is Massif de la Clape?

A

a limestone outcrop separating Narbonne from the sea

133
Q

What are the six crus appellations of the Languedoc region?

A

Faugeres, La Clape, Corbieres-Boutenac, Saint Chinian Berlou, Saint Chinian Roquebrun and Menevois la Livinere

134
Q

What appellations are located in the Languedoc’s “atlantic corridor”?

A

Cabardes, Malepere and the Limoux

135
Q

What grape is referred as the “lip stinger”?

A

Picpoul blanc

136
Q

Who discovered mutage?

A

Arnaud de Villeneuve of Montpeller in 1285

137
Q

What appellation is nestled within the Corbieres AOC?

A

Fitou AOC

138
Q

Cremant de Limoux is based on what grape variety?

A

at least 40% Chardonnay

139
Q

What two Languedoc appellations are known for single varietal wines?

A

Clairette de Languedoc and Picpoul de Pinet

140
Q

What Languedoc appellation grows chenin blanc?

A

Limoux

141
Q

What Languedoc AOC is particularly known for Syrah-based wine?

A

Minervois aoc

142
Q

Tourbat is also known as

A

Malvoisie de Roussillon

143
Q

What effects does the Tramontane have on winemarking in Roussillon?

A

The tramontane reduces humidity and the risk of vine disease

144
Q

What style of wine does the Banyuls Grand Cru AOC produce?

A

Red VDN only

145
Q

The prevailing north wine in Roussillon is called

A

The Tramontane

146
Q

Is Banyuls Grand Cru VDN made reductively or oxidatively?

A

always oxidized

147
Q

Is Muscat de Riversaltes VDN made reductively or oxidatively?

A

almost always reductive

148
Q

What style of wine is made in te Maury AOC

A

dry reds and red VDN

149
Q

What AOC is shared jointly between Languedoc and Roussillon?

A

Languedoc AOC

150
Q
A

FWS Exam (15 decks)

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