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Loire Valley Flashcards

1
Q

`1What is Loire region known as?

A

Le Jardin de la France

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2
Q

What is the well known facts about Loire?

A

4th most popular toursit destination, France’s largest white wine region, second largest sparkling wine product, france’s 3rd largest overall producer of aoc wines.

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3
Q

What cheese is famous in Loire?

A

goat cheese, 70% of France production

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4
Q

During middle age, Loire became the dividing point between ___ and ___.

A

Latin influenced south

Celtic-Germanic influenced north

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5
Q

Which town was Joan of Arc from

A

Chinon

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6
Q

The impact the Dutch had upon the region?

A

Industrious Dutch traders, influenced the locals to plant an increasing percentage of the vineyards with white cultivars (Mascadet and Folle Blance) so that the Dutch could produce their newly created beverage: brandewijn (burnt wine), a product that was distilled from these grapes and sold to the northern European markets.

For the next two centuries, this area was the source of the widly popular french “brandy wine”

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7
Q

What are the initial AOCs in Loire from 1935?

A

Quincy, Anjou, Muscadet, Sancerre and Vouvray

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8
Q

The path of Loire River

A

Stretch more than 620 miles

from headwater in Central France to its delta on the Atlantic Coast

Empty into the bay of Biscay

North of Cognac, south of Normandy, east of the Atlantic Ocean, West of Bourgogne and the Massif Central mountain range.

Glow north from its source, turns west at Orleans. While flowing north, its vineyards flank its east/west facing slopes. After turning westwards, vineyard flankt is north/sourth banks.

can always find south facing slopes and they are most desired due to the optimized sun exposure.

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9
Q

How the river impacts the temperature?

A

helps to warm the vineyard that flank it, the temperature near the river are 2-4 degrees warmer, the tributaries assist in creating mesoclimates suitable to ripening grapes.

The Gulf stream funneling soft breezes from the Atlantic coast

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10
Q

What are the main sub regions and climates?

A

Pays Nantais/Lower Loire - maritime

Anjou, Saumur and Touraine/Middle Loire - maritime climate with continental influence

Centre and Upper Loire - continental

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11
Q

__ percent of the wine in Loire has AC status

A

75

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12
Q

IGP represents __ percent of the Loire’s total production

A

14

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13
Q

What is one of the largest IGPs in Loire?

A

IGP Val de Loire (formerly known as Vin de Pays du Jardin de la France)

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14
Q

Vins Sans IG present __ percent of the total wine production

A

11

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15
Q

What is the biggest thread to Pays Nantais in the winter?

A

frosts and ice storms

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16
Q

True or False: chaptalization is permitted in Loire.

A

True

Because Loire has inadequate sunshine sometimes.

Only does this when necessary.

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17
Q

The soil of Pays Nantais

A

flat coastline, hotbed of volcanic soil, Gneiss (porous rocks) can provide critical drainage for the vine/root.

sub soil - mostly crystalline igneous rocks. taken from the Latin “ignis”: meaning fire

volcanic rocks are known for very high mineral

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18
Q

Main white grapes for Pays Nantais

A

chardonnay

Chenin Blanc

Folle Blance

Muscade

Pinot Gris

Sauvignon Blanc

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19
Q

What is other name for Chenin Blanc?

A

Pineau de la Loire

Gros Pineau

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20
Q

The other name for Folle Blance

A

Gros Plant

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21
Q

What is the other name for Muscadet

A

Melon de Bourgogne

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22
Q

What is the other name for Pinot Gris

A

Malvoisie

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23
Q

What are the main red grapes for Pays Nantais?

A

Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Gamay, Negrette, Pinot Noir

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24
Q

The main AOCs to remember in Pays Nantais subregion?

A

Muscadet AOC

Muscadet Coteaux de la Loire AOC

Muscadet Cotes de Grandlieu AOC

Muscadet Sevre Et Maine AOC

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25
Muscadet AOC
cover the entire Pays Nantais, but only responsible for 20% of all Muscadet
26
Muscadet Coteau De La Loire AOC
- smallest regional Muscadet AOC North of Nantes on both sides of Loire River posses pronounced minerality
27
Muscadet Cotes De Granlieu AOC
Southwest of Nantes along Lake Grand Lieu wines are fresh and fruity
28
Muscadet Sevre Et Maine AOC
75% of all of the AOC Muscadet bottled named after two ricers: La Sevre Nantaise and La Petite Main Mostly consumed sur place (locally) but Paris is the largest client Most production is carried out by large negociants and co-operaties easy drink in expensive wines
29
Sur Lie
All Muscadet appellations can be aged sur lie. The dead yeast impart mannoproteins, molecules consisting of a sugar protain bond, that give the wines creaminess and a rounded mouthfeel. Can be cloudy but are usually racked and filtered before bottling.
30
Wines labeled "sur lie" must be bottled between the ___ and ___ the year after harvesst
4/1 11/30
31
The subcategories of Muscadet Sevre Et Main AOC
Muscadet Sevre et Maine Clisson - granite gravel and galets, dried fruit character. most concentrated flavor profile. has minimum of 24 months ageing sur lie Muscadet Sevre et Maine Gorges - clay rick in quartz, green volcanic rock called gabbros. wine with minerality and a touch of smoke. late-maturing wines. minimum of 24 months in sur lie but often 40 months Muscadet Sevre et Maine Le Pallet - on gneiss and gabbros, pronounced floral clement. 17 months aging sur lie
32
How are the crus different from the other Muscade Sevre Et Maine AOC?
lower yield grapes with higher degree of ripeness longer minimum sur lie aging requirement may NOT put the term "sur lie" on the label
33
What are the dominate grapes for Anjou and Saumur?
Chenin Blanc Cab Franc
34
The main sub-regions for Anjou and Saumur?
Anjou (area around Angers) Layon (Layon river), it is within the Anjou zone but singled out for sweet wine production Saumur (around city Saumur)
35
The climate of Anjou/Saumur?
Maritime Climate with Continental Influences slightly colder in winter/warmer in summer compared to Pays Nantais but more temperate compared to Sancerre or Upper Loire dual climate bright acidity in both red and white
36
Tuffeau
chalk. Turonian chalk. formed during 89-93 millon years ago first classified by French paleontologist Alcide d'Orbigny who named it after the city of Tours
37
The soil types in Anjou
dark schist and white chalk the tuffeau is interspersed with pockets of clay, gravel and shale. Most of the schist soils lie in the western portions of the appellation.
38
What is the soil for Sammur?
possesses tuffeau as well. Calcium-rich soils, with significant acidity. For this reason, Saumur has been a shining start in Cremant production.
39
Where is red planted in Anjou/Saumur?
warm soil lower acid, more fruit-driven reds with soft tannins
40
What is the more popular soil type for sweet wine in Anjou/Saumur?
schist
41
What are the white grape varities in Anjou/Saumur?
Arbois Chardonnay Chenin Blanc Sauvignon Blanc
42
What are the red grape varieties in Anjou/Saumur? Cab France
Cab Gamay Grolleau Gris Pineau d'Aunis Pinot Noir
43
What are the other names for Arbois?
Orbois Menu Pineau
44
What grape is mainly used for sparkling in Anjou/Saumur?
Chardonnay
45
What grape is predominantly used for still whites?
Sauvignon blanc
46
What is the most widely planted red grape for middle Loire?
Cab Franc
47
What is another name for Grolleau?
Groslot
48
What is the principal grape used for rose production?
Grolleau
49
Sub categories for sparkling wines in the Middle Loire?
Petillants Mousseux Cremant
50
Petillants
half the pressure as Mousseux and Cremant. methode traditionelle
51
Petillants meaning \_\_.
Fizzy
52
Mousseux
Methode Traditionelle minimum of 3 atm pressure less demanding production standards a minimum 9 months sur lie
53
Mousseux means \_\_.
frothy or bubbly
54
Cremant in Anjou/Saumur
Method Traditionnelle 12 months ageing on lees one month in the bottle before release The only sparkling wine in Loire with regulation concerning pressing (weight of the grapes/volume of juice extracted sweet wines are made exclusively from Chenin
55
What is the sparking wine that has regulation of pressing
Cremant in middle Loire
56
What grape used for sweet wine in Crement Middle Loire?
Chenin
57
What AOC does river Layon run through
Coteaux du Layon
58
cher river for which aoc in loire
AOC Touraine-Noble-Joué
59
Which side of the Loire river does most Anjou vineyards exist?
left bank with exception of Savennieres and the two AOCs within
60
Which AOC is on the right bank of Loire in Anjou
Savennieres and the two AOCs within
61
What grapes are used for rose wine in Anjou?
Cab Franc and Cab Sauvignon as the main.
62
Anjou Blanc AOC
dry or off dry whites 80% of Chenin
63
Anjou Rough AOC
70% of Cab Frane and Cab Sauvignon Grolleau and Pineau d'Aunis can seve as blending partner
64
Anjou Villages, Anjou Villages Brissac AOC?
crafted from Cab France and Cab Sauvignon
65
Anjou Gamay AOC
Gamay light, fruity reds consume within 1-3 years can be vinified as premeur (3rd Thursday of Nov)
66
Anjou Coteaux De La Loire AOC
sweet wine Chenin botrytis
67
Anjou Mousseux AOC
white and rose sparking Chenin up to 60% Cab Franc, Cab Sauvignon, Malbec etc are vinifed as blanc de noir
68
Bonnezeaux AOC
sweet wine chenin long hang time and botrytis
69
Cabernet D'Anjou AOC
rose made from both cabernets off dry to sweet min 1% RS
70
Cremant De La Loire AOC
white and rose sparkling blend from Chenin, Chardonnay, Cab Franc and others By law, Cab Sauvignon and Pineau d'Aunis must be less than 30%
71
List of Middle Loire Sweet Wines made from Chenin?
Anjou-Coteaux de la Loire Bonnezeaux Coteaux de Layon Chaume 1er Cru Coteaux de Layon Coteaux de Layon + village Coteaux de L'Aubance Quarts de Chaume Grand Cru
72
What is the highest minimum RS for any non fortified dessert wine in France
Quarts de Chaume 8.5% RS
73
Which AOC can label "Grand Cru" on the label?
Quarts de Chaume
74
Rose D'Anjou AOC
off dry rose with a minimum 0.7% RS Grolleau as the main grape
75
Rose de Loire AOC
rose sourced from anywhere in the middle Loire always dry authorized grapes: both cabs, gamay, Grolleau etc.
76
What are the main AOCs for rose in Anjou/Saumur?
Cabernet d'Anjou (sweet) Rose d'Anjou (off dry) Rose de Loire: always dry
77
Which rose AOC in Anjou allows Malbec
Rose d'Anjou
78
Which rose AOC in Anjou/Saumur allows Pinot Noir?
Rose de Loire
79
Savennieres AOC
right bank believe to be the most age-worthy whites many dont not enter prime til two decades exclusively chenin blanc soils of slate schist and clay loaded with extract, acidity and minerality turning from pale straw to burnishet gold mostly dry, others allowed hand harvested, at least two passes min 11%
80
What are the two climats/AOC within Savennieres AOC?
Coulee de Serrant La Roche aux Moines prohibit chaptalization low yields high min must weight longer ageing period than regular Savennieres
81
Difference between sec, demi-sec, moelleux and doux
Sec - 0.3 RS Demi-Sec - 0.3-1.8 Moelleux - 1.8-4.5 Doux \> 4.5 %
82
Savennieres Coulee De Serrant AOC
belongs to Nicolas Joly red schist farmed biodynamically
83
Savennieres Roche AUX Moines AOC
within Savennieres AOC steep schist slope
84
What is Saumur AOC known for?
Sparkling wine
85
fines bulles means
fine bubbles, genral term for sparkling Lorie wines
86
87
Cabernet de Saumur AOC
rose crafted in a dryer, lighter style than the Cabernet d'Anjou. crafted from both cabs
88
Coteaux de Saumur AOC
white crafted from Chenin late harvest, hand picked, botrytized off dry to sweet
89
Saumur Blanc AOC
still white Chennin Blanc 2016 was the last that permitted the addition of Sauvignon Blanc and Chardonnay
90
Saumur Rouge, Saumur Champigny and Saumur Puy-Norte-Dame AOCs
red cab franc Rouge and Champgny allows for the addition of Cab Sauvignon and Pineau d'Aunis Puy-Notre-Dame allows Cab
91
92
Meaning of Champigny
field of fire warm mesoclimate
93
Saumur Mousseux AOX
referred as Saumur Burt made from Chennin with up to 40% Chardonnay, Sauvignon blanc and others must age 9 months sur lie
94
Saumur Mousseua Rose AOC
the same red grapes as Saumur Mousseux blanc but Cab France ust comprise at least 60% of the blend. must age 9 months sur lie.
95
The soils of Middle Loire
Tuffeau can be found on the hillside perruche (flint and clay) and aubuis (limestone and clay) and found near river both perruche and aubuis have pockets of gravels (gravieres) and sands
96
Perruche
flint and clay
97
Aubuis
limestone and clay
98
Gravels
Gravieres
99
What is the character of wines produced in Vouvray, Montlouis and Amboise?
vibrant acidity tuffeau soil
100
What is the soil for Chinon and Azay-le-Rideau?
chalky-sandy gravel soils - white, heighten acidity sand and gravel - red, fruit and aroma
101
The soil of Bourgueil and St Nicolas de Bourgueil?
patches of sandy-gravels with chalk pebbles interpersed with slopes of pure tuffeau racy wines from tuffeau richly perfumed wines of gravieres
102
What are the white grapes of Touraine?
in addition to Anjou/Saumur grapes, also has Romorantin
103
What is another name of Chardonnay in Touraine?
Auvernat Blanc
104
Where is Romorantin grown in Touraine?
Cour-Cheverny
105
What are the additional red grapes in Touraine?
Pinot Gris Pinot Meunier Malbec Merlot Sauvignon Gris
106
What is another name for Cab Grance in Touraine?
Breton
107
What is another name for Pinot Noir in Touraine?
Auvernat Noir
108
What is another name for Pinot Meunier in Touraine?
Gris Meunier
109
Bourgueil AOC
North of Chinon Cab Fran medium body and fairly tannic
110
Cheverny AOC
wine law mandates the percentage of each grape variety planted, not the the grape going into the bottle
111
Which AOC has regulation on the grape vari
112
What is the main grape for Cheverny whites
Sauvignon Blanc and Sauvignon Gris
113
What is the main grape in Cheverny red?
Pinot Noir Rose follows the similar formula
114
Chinon AOC
- soils of tuffeau and on composites of sand, gravel and clay - Red grown on south-facing tuffeau, medium body wine, similar to Bourgueil - Red grown on sand/gravel/clay more fresh and fruity, similar to St Nicolas de Bourgueil - Largest AOC in Loire - White, 100% chenin
115
Coteaux Du Loir AOC
- right bank of the Loir tributary - floral whites from Chenin - red/roses from Pineau d'Aunis
116
Coteaux Du Vendomois
- wine law mandates the percentage of each grape variety planted - white from Chenin and Chardonnay Red from Pinear d'Aunis
117
Cour-Cheverny AOC
a dry white AOC lying within Cheverny AOC 100% Romorantin
118
Haut-Poitou AOC
- North of Poitiers and south of Toouraine/Anjou - White sauvignon blanc Red mostly Cab Franc
119
What is the smallest Loir Valley AOC
Jasnieres AOC
120
What wine does Jasnieres AOC produce?
100% chenin
121
Montlouis-Sur-Loire AOC
- white application - within Touraine AOC bordered by the Cher and the Loire Chenin Blanc driest to sweetest both late harvest and botrytis
122
Montlouis-Sur-Loire Mousseux and Petillant AOC
Chenin Blanc Petillant and Mousseux must age 9 months on its lees
123
Orleans AOC
By law, whites are made from \>= 60% chardonnay (in practice, most are 100% chardonnay)
124
What is another name for Chardonnay in Orleans AOC?
Auvernat Blanc
125
Red wine from Touraine, what is the typical color?
garnet
126
What is the typical red wine grape from Touraine?
Cab France served slightly chill (capture acidity)
127
Saint-Nicolas-De-Bourgueil AOC
- Lies to the west of Bourgueil on warmer soils containing high percentage of sand. - Mostly Cab Franc (mostly 100%) - more generous fruit than Chinon and Bourgueil - early consuming
128
Touraine
- wine law mandates the percentages of each grape planted. - white: blend of SB(80%) and SG(20%) - Rose. No one grape can comprise more than 70% - Red predominantly Cab F and Cot blends - can add village to the label - A vin gris, labeled as Touraine Noble Joue, is fashioned out of Pinot Meunier - Touraine Mesland red and rose are mainly Gamay with the balance in Cot and CF
129
Touraine Mousseux and Petillant AOC
- white or rose - traditional blend is Chenin Blanc/Chardonnay or Orbois/Chardonnay
130
Vouvray AOC
- right bank - within regional Touraine AOC - Chenin blanc, dry of sweet - Sec, Demi-Sec, Moelleux and Doux
131
Vouvray Mousseux and Vouvray Petillant AOCs
Chenin Blanc 12 months aging sur lie
132
Which region produces the most obscure bottlings?
Uppe Loire
133
Which region produces Lorie's most well known wines?
Center Loire
134
What are the most famous AOCs in center Loire?
Sancerre Pouilly-Fume
135
What are the most dominant red/white grapes for Center/Upper Loire?
Sauvignon Blanc Pinot Noir
136
What the main red/white grapes for Upper Loire?
Chardonnay and Sacy for whites Gamay and Pinot Noir
137
Climate of Center/Upper Loire
continental largest diurnal and seasonal temperature swings winter prone to frost and ice spring short and variable sauvignon bland is hardy and resistant to fungal diseases
138
The soil of center Loire
Terres Blanchers: marl rich in oyster fossils Caillottes: little limestone pebbles Silex: flint Terres Blanches and Silex produce wine of vibrant acidity Silex adds a unique gunflint /smoke finish Cailottes with a little less structure (less acidity) all soil types rest atop a base of Kimmeridgean limestones
139
The soil of Upper Loire
limestone rich soil - western appellations granite - eastern appellations
140
What are the primary white grapes of Upper Loire?
Chardonnay Chasselas Sacy Sauvignon Blanc (the principal grape)
141
What is another name for Sacy?
Tressallier
142
What is anther name for Sauvignon Blanc?
Blance Fume (smoky white)
143
What are the primary red grape of Upper Loire?
Pinot Noir Gamay Gamay Saint Romain Pinot Gris Sauvignon Gris
144
Menetou-Salon AOC
Centre Loire style simialr to Sancerre (SB and PN) The Kimmeridgean soil impacts by imparting a nervy, racy and vibrant acidity and kinetic core of minerality
145
Pouilly-Fume AOC
Centre Loire Only white unique gunflint/smokey finish (grown on flint)
146
Pouilly-Sur-Loire AOC
white wines from Chasselas same zone as Pouilly Fume Center Loire
147
Quincy AOC
Centre Loire SB, located on plateaus near Cher river
148
Reuilly AOC
white wine from SB reds/roses from PN
149
Sancerre AOC
Center Loire red, white and rose SB high minerality and lemon grass has all three soil types Red/Rose elegant, soft tannin
150
What grape is used for the dessert wines of Loire
Chenin
151
Two ways to make dessert wines in Loire
- infected with botrytis cinerea - passerillage, grapes are allowed to wither on the vine due to the overextended hang time, sun exposure
152

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