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FWS Exam > Provence > Flashcards

Provence Flashcards

1
Q

Which region is the oldest winemaking region on mainland France?

A

Provence

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2
Q

What wine is famous in Provence?

A

Rose

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3
Q

What is the only region in France and in the world to focus primarily on the production of rose?

A

Provence

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4
Q

How did the vine get started in Provence?

A

Phocacans (greeks from asia Minor) founded the city of Massalia (today’s Marseille) that is how it got started

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5
Q

Who gave Provence today’s name?

A

The Romans changed the name from Massalia to Massilia, and called the whole area nostra provincia

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6
Q

What is the first AOC recognition in Provence?

A

Cassis in 1936, followed by Bandol and Bellet in 1941

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7
Q

When did Cote de Provence became AOC

A

1977

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8
Q

What is Provence’s climate?

A

Mediterranean

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9
Q

How is climate different between coastal vs inland?

A

Coastal is the Mediterranean, while inland experiences some alpine and continental influences.

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10
Q

How is the temperature difference between coastal vs inland?

A

Summer are dry and hot, the sea has a moderating influence on temperature. Inland, temperatures is less balmy and nights are cool

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11
Q

What is Mistral, and how it is blown in Provence

A

It is a cold, dry, northerly wine chases humidity and brings a welcome drop in temperature during the summer months. Although the Mistral generally blows north to south, in Provence, it blows from Avignon down to the area west of Aix

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12
Q

Describe the mountain ranges in Provence?

A

The eastern portion of the Provence is the most mountainous. Southwest is flatter. To the west, the Rhone Delta spreads and floods, forming a vast salt marsh known as the Carmargue. As a rule, the mountain ranges allow for a signficant diurnal temperature change within the vineyards that surround them as cool air descends from the mountain peaks during the evening hours. Some peaks such as Sainte Victoire, efffectively block the Mistral and create a sun trp from those vineyards.

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13
Q

List the Provencal mountains from East to West.

A

The Maritime Alps, Massif de L’Esterel, Massif des Maures, La Sainte Baume, Massif des Calanques, Montagne Sainte Victoire (most famous), Les Alpilles, Mount Ventoux

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14
Q

What are the two soil types in Provence?

A

Calcareous limestone and crystalline (hill and range northern and western boundary), quartz-rich schist (eastern part)

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15
Q

What is Garrigue

A

A term used to refer as much to the soil as to the resinous herbs that grown upon it found on limestone

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16
Q

What is Maquis

A

another mix of resinous scrube, grows on schist soil rich in quartz

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17
Q

Which specific regions possess soils of limestone and clay?

A

Most of Coteaux Varios Provence, the eastern half of Coteaux d’Aix-en-Provence, and the northernwest part of Cotes de Provence (including sub regions of Saint Victoire)

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18
Q

What region has soils of crystalline (quartz) schist?

A

southeast coast, running all along the coast from Toulon to St Tropez

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19
Q

Which area has a combination of clay, limestone, sand and crystalline schist?

A

From Les Arcs to Toulon , the narrow interior valley

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20
Q

What area has volcanic soil?

A

Massif de L’Esterel

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21
Q

What is another name for Rolle?

A

Vermentino

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22
Q

What is another name for Ugni Blanc?

A

Roussan

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23
Q

What is the vine training system in Provence?

A

Gobelet

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24
Q

What is the newer training system in Provence?

A

Guyot

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25
Q

What is the largest appellation in Provence?

A

Cotes de Provence, 85 communes

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26
Q

What is the percentage that Cotes de Provence accounts for in terms of wine production?

A

75%

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27
Q

What is the breakdown for red, white, and rose production in Cote de Provence?

A

90% rose, 7% red and 3 % white

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28
Q

How many noncontiguous vineyard areas in Cote de Provence?

A

5

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29
Q

What is the composition for white Cote de Provence?

A

Clairette, Rolle, Semillon and Ugni Blanc with no restriction on percentage or number of grapes to be incorporated into the blend.

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30
Q

What is the composition for reds and roses for Cote de Provence?

A

at least two of the following: Grenache, Mourvedre, Cinsault, Tibouren and Syrah with Cab Sauvignon and Carignan as optional blending partners.

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31
Q

True or False: Rose can contain a small percentage of white grapes in Cote de Provence.

A

True

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32
Q

what are the four geographic designations that can place their names on the label in Cote De Provence?

A

Saint Victoire, Frejus, La Londe, Pierrefeu. These are not separate AOCs, can only appear on rose and red, not white.

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33
Q

What is the minimum alcohol level for red and rose in Cote de Provence?

A

11%

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34
Q

What is the minimum alcohol level for the four subregions for reds and roses in Cote de Provence?

A

12% for red, 11.5 for rose.

35
Q

What is the yield restriction in Cote de Provence?

A

3.3 tons /acres

36
Q

What is the yield restriction for the four subregions in Cote de Provence?

A

3 tons/acre

37
Q

How many months does the red from Frejus need to spend in oak barrels?

A

6 months

38
Q

What is Cote de Provence Crus Classes?

A

a classification system in 1955 to recognize certain estates. Originally there were 23 estates but today only 18.

39
Q

True or False: Crus Classes in Cote de Provence rank the vineyard, not the estate.

A

False. It ranks the estate. You cant acquire new vineyards and claim them as Crus Classes.

40
Q

What is the second-largest appellation in Provence?

A

Coteaux D’aix-en-Provence AOC

41
Q

What is the breakdown for red, white, and rose production in Coteaux D’AIX-en-Provence AOC?

A

84% rose, 11% red and 5% white

42
Q

Where is Coteaux D’AIX-en-Provence AOC?

A

west/northwestern region of Provence

43
Q

What is one thing that heavily influences the climate Coteaux D’AIX-en-Provence AOC?

A

Mistral wind

44
Q

What is the composition of white wine from Coteaux D’AIX-en-Provence AOC?

A

50% Rolle with Clairette, Grenache Blanc, Sauvignon Blanc and Ugni Blanc as principal blending partners.

45
Q

What is the composition of red wine from Coteaux D’AIX-en-Provence AOC?

A

Grenache, Mourvedre and/or Syrah to form the backbone of the blend, but Counoise and Ginsault are often added to the mix. Carignan and/or Cab are also authorized for inclusion.

46
Q

Where is Les Baux De Provence AOC?

A

West/Northwest of Coteaux d’Aix-En-Provence, south/southeast of Avignon

47
Q

What are the unique attributes of Les Baux De Provence AOC?

A
  1. Limestone hills are rich in Bauxite 2. stronghold of organic and biodynamic viticulture 3. A larger percentage of red wine (57%), than rose (39%) and white (4%)
48
Q

Which AOC in Provence is strong in organic and biodynamic viticulture?

A

Les Baux De Provence AC

49
Q

What is the red composition for Les Baux De Provence?

A

Grenache, Syrah and/or Mourvedre. require one year of ageing before release, but oak ageing is not mandated.

50
Q

What is the rose composition for Les Baux De Provence?

A

Grenache, Syrah /Cinsault

51
Q

What are the wines produced in Coteaux Varois En Provence AOC?

A

88% rose, 9%red and 3% white

52
Q

What are the unique attributes of Coteaux Varois En Provence AOC?

A
  1. sheltered by limestone hills and mountains 2. chalky clay soils 3. rose wine are more powerful due to high elevation
53
Q

What is the composition for white wine in Coteaux Varois en Provence?

A

30% Rolle with Clairette and Grenache Blanc

54
Q

What is the smallest appellation of Provence?

A

Palette AOC

55
Q

Which chateau produced half of the Palette AOC wines?

A

Chateau Simone

56
Q

What is the wine production for Palette AOC?

A

red (44%), white (37%) and rose (19%)

57
Q

What is the unique attributes of Palette AOC ?

A
  1. smallest appellation 2. often use obscure grape varieties 3. 8 months ageing requirement for white and rose 4. 18 months in oak for red. 5. must be hand harvested.
58
Q

What is the white wine composition for Palette AOC?

A

55% Clairette Blanche, Clairette Rose, Picardan and Bourboulenc. Up to 13 different secondary varieties can also be incorporated into the blend.

59
Q

What is the red/rose wine composition for Palette AOC?

A

must contain a minimum of 50% Cinsault Grenache and Mourvedre. Up to 12 other varieties may be incorporated. Red must be aged for 18 months in oak casks. Roses may incorporate up to 15% of any of the approved white grapes into the blend.

60
Q

What is Vin Cuit?

A

Drunk with family and friends on Christmas Eve with a lavish meal featuring 13 desserts. Not commercially produced. made by cooking grapes must for 10 hours over open fire. Fermentation of this concentrated must takes place in a barrel and proceeds slowly over the course of an entire year.

61
Q

What are the unique attributes for Cassis AOC?

A
  1. single commune of Cassie 2. high deeply creviced limestone cliffs that shelter the vineyards from the Mistral 3. the only appellation to produce the majority of white wine (67%), rose (30%) and red (3%) 4) Marsanne is the primary grape.
62
Q

Which AOC produces more white wine than others in Provence?

A

Cassis AOC

63
Q

Which AOC uses Marsanne as the primary grape?

A

Cassis AOC

64
Q

What is the white wine composition for Cassis AOC?

A

Marsanne - Clairette

65
Q

What is the white grape percentage in rose for Cassis AOC?

A

20%

66
Q

What is one of the oldest growing wine region in Provence?

A

Bandol

67
Q

What AOC has Mourvedre as the cornerstone of the grapes in Provence?

A

Bandol AOC

68
Q

What are some of the unique attributes of Bandol AOC in Provence?

A
  1. one of the oldest vine growing regions 2. Late ripening Mourvedres emerged as the cornerstone of the region’s new success 3. Most vineyards face south 4. Mainly pebbly limestone with pockets of sandy marls and sandstone
69
Q

What are the wine production for Bandol?

A

rose (60%), reds (30%) and whites (10%)

70
Q

What is the primary grape for red and roses in Bando?

A

Mourvedre (rose mim 20% and red at least 50%), no more than 95% Mourvedre. Red minimum 18 months in oak

71
Q

What are the AOCs that mandates oak aging in Provence?

A

Bandol, Palettte, Cote de Provence Frejus

72
Q

Which AOC is in the commune of Nice?

A

Bellet AOC

73
Q

What are the unique attributes of Bellet AOC?

A

1) Only in Nice 2) equal proportion of red, rose and white 3) unique rose petal aroma for rose 4) doesnt allow any bordeaux grape 5) only AOC in provence that allows chardonnay

74
Q

What is the white composition for Bellet AOC?

A

Rolle is the dominant , blended with Chardonnay and/or Clairette

75
Q

What is the rose composition for Bellet AOC?

A

relies on local varieties such as Bracquet and Folle Noire, but Grenache is a typical addition, same as reds

76
Q

What are the unique attributes of Coteaux de Pierrevert AOC?

A

1) newest (1998) 2. northermost 3. strong alpine influence 4. diurnal temperature swings 5. similar wine to rhone 6. no red Bordeaux is authorized

77
Q

What is the white composition for Coteaux de Pierrevert?

A

Must contine Grenache Blanc and Rolle

78
Q

What is the largest IGP in Provence?

A

IGP Mediterranee, shared with Rhone and Corsica

79
Q

What was IGP Mediterranee used to be called?

A

Vins de Pays des de la Mediterranee

80
Q

What is Vins de Soif?

A

Thirst quenching wines. light bodied, crisp, refreshing , enjoyed as an aperitif. made with shorter maceration times, from vineyards with slightly higer yieds, generally without oak

81
Q

Vins de Gastronomie

A

deeper in color, fuller body and more structured, enjoyed with a meal. made from more select grapes and free run juice alone. maybe aged in oak. red wines in this category could also be called vin de garde.

82
Q

What is flute a corset?

A

hour glass shaped bottle for rose, referring its pinched mid section

83
Q

What is Saignée?

A

Saignée involves the removal (bleeding off or draining off) of a proportion of juice from a tank of crushed red grapes. This technique increases the amount of skins relative to juice in the tank and typically results in a concentration effect, producing richer wines with more colour and tannin. Direct press produces lighter and less structured wine.

84
Q

What is restanques?

A

Terraced stone walls in vineyard, especially bandol

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