Official flashcards
What French wine region produces more AOC wine than any other?
Bordeaux
What are the four sub-region designations of the Cotes de Bordeaux AOC?
Blaye, Cadillac, Castillon and Francs
What is “Crus Artisan”?
Boutique wineries of quality in Bordeaux
What is the difference between St Emilion Grand Cru and St Emilion Grand Cru Classe?
The former is AOC. The latter is a ranking within a classification system.
What Medoc AOC is considered the most “California”?
St. Julien
What Medoc AOC is considered the most “feminine” and perfumed?
Margaux AOC
What are the four St Emilion satellites?
St-George
Lussac
Montagne
Puisseguin
What is “Les Landes”?
A man-made forest separating Bordeaux from the ocean.
Bordeaux’s first vineyard was planted in what sub-region?
Graves
What style of wine is made in the Medoc?
Dry red only
What are the three principal rivers of Bordeaux?
Gironde, Garonne, Dordogne
Where is the wine-producing area of Libournais?
Right bank, around the city of Liborne
What defines the term “Petit Chateau”?
unofficial team for an unclassified property in the Bordeaux region
What Bordeau soils are considered “cold”
Clay and limestone because they retain moisture
What estate is the only Premier Cru Superieur of the 1855 classification?
Chateau d’Yquem
What style of wine is produced in the Cerons, Barsac and Sauternes AOCs?
sweet whites affected by noble rot
What are the three primary white grapes in Bordeaux?
Semilion, Sauvignon Blanc and Muscadelle
What is the main soil type of Bordeaux’s Left Bank?
Gravel
What contribution did the Dutch make to Bordeaux winemaking in the 1600s?
They drained the Medoc peninsula in order to grow grapes for sweet white table wines and for wine to distill into eau de vie
What is the main soil type of Bordeaux’s Right Bank?
Clay and limestone
How are reds from Entre-Deux-Mers labeled?
Bordeaux AOC or Bordeaux Superieur AOC
How many categories of “growths” were given to red wines in Bordeaux’s 1855 classification?
5
Cab Sauvignon is a cross between:
Sauvignon Blanc and Cabernet Franc
A semi-sweet wine from Graves must be labeled as:
Graves Superieures AOC
Why is Graves suited for sweet wine production?
Damp, foggy mornings followed by warm dry afternoons promote noble rot
What style of wine is produced in the Libournais?
all 10 Libournais AOCs are for dry red only
What is the climate of Bordeaux?
Maritime
What is the primary grape of Entre-Deux-Mers?
Sauvignon Blanc
What three Bordeaux winegrowing areas were included in the 1855 Classification?
Medoc (60)
Pessac-Leognan (1)
Sauternes (26)
What is “Clairet”?
A semi-red wine made by the Saignee method.
What defines Cru Bourgeois?
A list created in 1932 of 444 chateaux from Medoc not included in the 1855 classification. It remains a member-based syndicate.
What is the main grape of Bordeaux’s Right Bank?
Merlot and Cabernet Franc
Why is Malbec seldom planted in Bordeaux today?
The winter freeze of 1956 destroyed most Malbed plantings.
What did the 1953 Graves Classification rank?
The wines of 16 estates, rather than the estate themselves.
What moderates Bordeaux’s climate?
The Gulf stream, Les Landes, and the network of rivers
What are the three secondary red grape varieties in Bordeaux?
Malbed, Petit Verdot and Carmenere
What style of wine is made under the Entre-Deux-Mers AOC?
dry white only
What Right Bank sub-region has a classification system?
St Emilion
What style of wine is produced in the Cadillac, Loupiac and Ste-Croix-de-Mont AOCs?
sweet whites affected by noble rot
What Bordeaux soils are considered “warm”
Gravel and sand because they radiate heat back to the vine
What Bordeaux AOC produces dry whites mainly from Colombard?
Cote de Blaye AOC
What French wine region produces more AOC wine than any other?
Bordeaux
What Languedoc appellation grows Chenin Blanc?
Limoux
What grape variety is used in the production of all Languedoc VDN?
Muscat a Petitis Grains Blanc
What appellations are located in the Languedoc’s “Atlantic corridor”?
Cabardes, Malepere and the Limoux AOCs
What Languedoc AOC is particularly known for Syrah-based wines?
Minervois AOC
What Languedoc AOC is evenly split between Atlantic and Mediterranean grape varieties?
Cabardes AOC
Who discovered mutage?
Arnaud de Villeneuve of Montpellier in 1285
What is “mutage”?
The addition of grape spirit to must in order to stop fermentation and obtain a sweet wine.
What are the six “cru” appellations of the Languedoc region?
Faugeres, La Clape, Corbieres-Boutenac, Saint Chinian Berlou, St Chinian Roquebrun and Minevois la Liviniere
What grape is referred to as the “lip stinger”?
Picpoul Blanc
What is the “methode ancestrale” of sparkling winemaking?
Inducing a second fermentation by “waking up” a chilled, partially fermented wine.
Cremant de Limoux is based on what grape variety?
Must contain at least 40% Chardonnay
What grape is used in the Blanquette Methode Ancestrale AOC?
100% Mauzac
How was the impact of phylloxera different in Languedoc compared to other French regions?
The first region to be replanted on American rootstocks and the first to recover.
What style of wine is produced in the Limoux AOC?
still reds and whites.
(new book says sparking too)
What Languedoc appellation is based on a minimum 50% merlot?
Malepere
What is the “Massif de la Clape”?
A limestone outcrop separating Narbonne from the sea
Rolle is a synonym for what other grape variety?
Vermentino
What is the largest non-regional AOC in Languedoc in terms of geographic size?
Corbieres (4th largest in France)
What is the main grape variety of the Corbieres AOC?
Carignan
What other grape is related to Lledoner Pelut?
Grenache
What are the four primary red grape varieties of the Languedoc AOCs?
Grenache, Syrah, Mouvedre, Lladoner Pelut
(although carignan and cinsault are popular)
What is “Etang de Thau”?
a lake separating the Picpoul de Pinet AOC from the sea
What is the oldest sparkling wine in the world?
Blanquette de Limoux. The sparkling phenomenon was discovered by the monks of Saint Hillaire in 1531.
What two Languedoc appellations are known for single-varietal wines?
Clairette de Languedoc AOC
Picpoul de Pinet AOC
What appellation is nested within the Corbieres AOCs?
Fitou AOC
Roussillon is best known for what wine style?
Vins Doux Naturels (VDN)
A “bonbonne” is
a large glass jar used for maturing VDN
What French wine region boasts the highest number of organic and biodynamic wine producers?
Roussillon
What is the main grape variety used to produce red VDN?
Grenache
Is Banyuls Grand Cru VDN made reductively or oxidatively?
always oxidized.
What style of wine does the Bayuls Grand Cru AOC produce?
Red VDN only
What is the climate of Rouosillon?
Mediterranean, with lots of heat and sunshine
Banyuls shares the same eliminated area with what other appellation?
Collioure
Tourbat is also known as
Malvoisie du Roussilon
What are the “crus” of the Cotes du Roussillon Villages AOCs?
Caramany
Latour de France
Tautavel
Lesquerde
What IGP is shared jointly between Languedoc and Roussillon?
IGP Pays d’Oc
The prevailing north wine in Roussillon is called?
The Tramontane
The southernmost appellation in France is
Collioure/Banyuls
What AOC is shared jointly between Languedoc and Roussillon?
Languedoc AOC
What effect does the Tramontane have on winemaking in Roussillon?
reduce humidity and the risk of vine disease.
What style of wine is made in the Maury AOC?
Dry red and red VDN
What wine style(s) can be made under the Cotes de Roussillon Villages designation?
Red wines only
What wines may be labeled Hors d’Age?
Oxidized VDN aged a minimum of five years
What style(s) of wine is/are made in the Colliour AOCs?
Dry red, white and rose
Is Muscat de Riversaltes VDN usually made reductively or oxidatively?
almost always reductive
What are Roussillon’s most important rivers?
Agly, Tet and Tech
What are the grape varieties allowed in the Muscat de Riversaltes AOCs?
Muscat a Petit Grains and Muscat d’Alexandrie
What is the main difference between a wine labeled “Clairette de Die” and a wine labeled “Coteaux de Die”?
Clairette is sparkling and Coteaux is still
What is the primary grape of the Rasteau appellation?
Grenache
What is the only red grape variety grown in the northern Rhone?
Syrah
What three northern Rhone crus permit Viognier?
Cote Rotie
Condrieu
Chateau-Grillet
What is the most common style of wine in the Diois?
Sparkling wine.
“Oeil de perdix” refers to:
The deep salmon color of Rhone roses made from Grenache and Cinsault (patridge eye)
The Dentelles de Montmirail is
A mountain range to the east of the Southern Rhone
What Northern Rhone cru occupies a single hill inside another AOCs?
Hemitage
Define the term “septentrionales”
The Northern Cotes du Rhone
What are the three white grapes of the Northern Rhone?
Viognier, Marsanne, and Roussanne
What Rhone cru is devoted entirely to the marking rose wine?
Tavel
Are Cotes de Rhone villages wines strictly single varietals, or blends or can they be both?
blend composed of at least 50% Grenache
Define the term “Meridionales”
The Southern Cotes de Rhone
What is the difference between the Beaumes-de-Venis AOC and Muscat de Beaumes-de-Venise AOC?
The first is dry red
the second is sweet white VDN
What is the climate of the Northern Rhone
Continental
Define the term “foundres”
large wooden barrels
What is the most common vine training system in the Southern Rhone?
Gobelet
What are the main soil types found in the Northern Rhone?
Granite and schist
Where is the most Cotes de Rhone produced, in the north or the south?
The south
What is the principal grape of Tavel rose?
Grenache
What are the two Northern Rhone crus located on the left bank of the river?
Crozes Hermitage
Hermitage
What is the climate of the Southern Rhone?
Mediterranean
What is the southernmost appellation in the Southern Rhone?
Costieres de Nimes
“Rhone Rangers” are
California winemakers making Rhone style blends
What is the Mistral
A north wine that blows through the Rhone valley
What are galets?
Round river stones or pebbles
What is the primary method for making rose wine in the Rhone valley?
Saignee
What is the primary grape variety of Clairette de Die?
Must include at least 75% muscat
Rhone vineyards are situated between __th and __ parallels north
44 and 45
What Rhone appellation was the first to have its zone of production delineated?
du-pape
What two Rhone AOCs make VDN?
Rasteau
Muscat de Beaumes-de-Venise
What is the northernmost cru in the Northern Rhone
Cote-Rotie
Can the entire Rhone Valley produce wine under the Cotes du Rhone AOC desingation?
No
is Cotes de Rhone villages made in the northern Rhone, in the southern Rhone, or both?
Southern only, 95 villages.
Which Northern Rhone cru is known for sparkling wine?
Saint-Peray
The term “echelas” refers to
Tipi-like trellasing
What Jura native created the “Bordeaux Mixture” for treating mildew and pioneered the grafting of French vines onto American rootstock?
Alexis Millardet
What two Jura AOCs represent styles of wine rather than geographic locations?
Macvin du Jura AOC
Crement du Jura AOC
The main grape used in the production of Cremant du Jura is?
Chardonnay
What Jura AOC grows only Savagnin Blanc?
Chateau-Chalon AOC
What is Louis Pasteur’s contribution to winemaking?
Pasteur discovered that a microbe he named “yeast” is responsible for fermentation
What does the term “Sous Voile” signify on a bottle of Jura wine?
The wine has been made with controlled exposure to oxygen, under a surface layer (or veil) of yearst
What is the sold grape used in the production of the Jura’s Vin Jaune?
Savagnin Blanc
What is the largest Jura AOC by volume and geographic size?
Arbois AOC
What is the most widely planted grape in Jura?
Chardonnay
What was Charles Rouget’s contribution to winemaking?
Rouget noted that the same grape variety can be given different names in different places.
Which Jura region produces more red wine than white?
The Arbois AOC
What three Jura AOCs produce Vin de Paille?
Arbois AOC, L’Etoile AOC and Cotes de Jura AOC
What is Macvin du Jura?
Fortified grape must
Melon d’Arbois, Melon a Queue Rouge and Gamay Blanc are all synonyms for
Chardonnay
What is Ullage?
The headspace in a bottle or barrel
What Jura AOC produces only Vin Jaune
Chateau-Chalon AOC
What are the five permitted grapes in Jura?
Chardonnay
Savagnin Blanc
Poulsard
Pinot Noir
Trousseau
What is the climate of Jura?
semi-continental
What is the Jura’s Vin de Paille?
A wine made with air-dried grapes
What does the “Quille” signify on a bottle of Jura wine?
The wine has been made reductively, with minimum oxygen exposure
Does the Jura produce more white or red wine?
White
What is a “clavelin”
A 620 ml bottle used in the Jura for Vin Jaune
A Vin Jaune labeled “vin de garde” is intended for
cellaring
What is the name of the grape indigenous to Jura and known for making “almost-red” wines?
Poulsard
What are the seven primary grape varieties in Alsace?
Riesling, Pinot Blanc, Pinot Gris, Pinot Noir, Gewuztraminer, Sylvaner, Muscat
T or F? As a result of global climate change, Pinot noir is becoming harder to grow in Alsace.
False.
The Sylvaner grape, although grown in Alsace, is believed to be native to _
Austria
In which direction do the best slopes in Alsace face?
south/southeast
T or F? In Alsace, Chardonnay is used mainly as a component of a blend.
True, It is used in Cremant d’Alsace
Auxerrois Blanc is a cross between
Gouais Blanc and Pinot
T or F? In Alsace, Grand Cru wines may be red or white.
False.
T or F? Machine harvest is common in Alsace.
False.
T or F? Wines in Alsace may be designated AOC, IGP or Vin sans IG.
False. All wines in Alsace are AOC. in 2011, the number of AOCs expanded from 3 to 53.
T or F? Alsace is the most northerly wine region in France.
False. Champagne is slightly farther to the north than Alsace.
What is the impact of global climate change on the dryness of Alsace wines?
Sugar levels are rising and more off-dry wines are being produced.
What red grap is permitted in Alsace?
Pinot Noir
What is the difference between Klevner and Klevener?
Klevner: Pinot Blanc, a genetic mutation of Pinot Gris.
Klevener: Savagnin Rose, a secondary grape in Alsace.
T or F? Grapes for the Alsace AOC can be sourced from any part of Alsace.
True.
What is a “graben”?
A gravel-like trench caused by geologic uplift, then collapse on parallel fault lines. In Alsace, the faulting was followed by erosion, creating a complex network of soil.
A former name for Pinot Gris is…
Tokay d’Alsace
Zotzenberg is an exceptional Grand Cru vineyard because…
Sylvaner is permitted here.
On which bottles of Alsace wine is vintage labeling optional?
Edelzwicker
What is the effect of the Vosges Mountains on vineyards in Alsace?
It provides a rain shadow that ensures mainly sunny an dry growing conditions.
T or F? Alsace became a part of Germany in 1871.
True. It was annexed after the Franco-Prussian war.
What are the two Muscats grown in Alsace?
Muscat a Petits Grains Blanc
Muscat Ottonel
*the first is higher quality
What is the AOC for sparkling wine in Alsace?
Cremant d’Alsace AOC
What is the most widely planted grape in Alsace?
Riesling
T or F? The AOC approved yields for Alsace are the highest in France.
True. They are generally 80 hl/ha for whites.
T or F? A wine labeled “Vendages Tardives” must be affected by noble rot.
False. It is not required.
T or F? Chaptalization is common in Alsace.
False. The technique is disappearing as a result of global warming.
T or F? Sylvanner is permitted in Alsace Grand Cru wines.
True. Only in Zotzenberg.
T or F? A wine labeled “Selections de Grains Nobles” must be made from grapes affected by botrytis.
True. It is a requirement.
What is Gentil?
A blend in Alsace that must contain 50 percent of noble white varieties.
T or F? It is common for Alsace wine to be aged in new oak and undergo malolactic fermentation.
False.
What are the aging requirement of Cremant d’Alsace?
Nine months sur lie, plus 3 months in the cellar. (12 months total)
Klevner or Pinot Vrai is more commonly known as
Pinot Blanc
T or F? Edelwicker may be a blend of any white grapes approved for Alsace AOC wine.
True
T or F? A wine labeled “Alsace AOC” can be still or sparkling.
False. Sparkling wines are labeled “Cremant d’Alsace”.
T or F? IN Alsace, each Grand Cru has its own separate AOC status.
True. Has been the case since 2011.
In which century did Alsace reach its peak of prosperity?
16th (Late Renaissance)
T or F? There are 13 soil types in Alsace.
True. The soil in Alsace is quite complex, owing to millions of years of geologic faulting and erosion.
What percentage of Alsace wine is white?
90 percent.
T or F? Cremant d’Alsace is primarily made from Chardonnay.
False. It is mostly Pinot Blanc, but Chardonnay can be used as well.
What are the four secondary white grapes of Alsace?
Chardonnay
Chasselas
Klevener
Auxerrois Blanc
What are the four German influences on Alsace wines?
Varietal labeling
flute bottle
Reisling
German phonics
What are the four noble white grapes in Alsace?
Riesling
Muscat
Pinot Gris
Gewuztraminer
“Tokay d’Alsace” is a former name for
Pinot Gris
In an effort to combat phylloxera in Alsace, in the late nineteenth century vignerons were encouraged to …
plant high yield, low-quality hybrids that could resit the pests
T or F? Alsace Grand Cru Altenberg de Bergheim may be blended.
True, It must be 50 percent Riesling.
Grand Cru Kaefferkopt, when bottled as a blend, must contain a majority of which grape?
Gewuztraminer
T or F? Grass may be planted between rows of vines to increase grape yields.
False. The grass is planted to decrease yields (because grass competes with the vines for nutrients)
What is the climate in Alsace?
Continental, with large seasonal and diurnal temperature swings.
T or F? Riesling is indigenous to France.
False. It is from Germany (Rhine Valley)
Klevener is also known as
Savagnin Rose
T or F? Alsace is the only region in France where Riesling is permitted.
False. It is now permitted in IGP Pays d’Oc which can source fruit from Languedoc and Roussillon
Savagnin Rose is also known as
Klevener
What is a “Blanc de Blancs”?
A white sparkling wine made from white grapes.
What was the contribution of Veuve Cliquot to Champagne making?
The process of riddling (remuage)
What are the three principal grapes of Champagne today?
Pinot Noir (38%
Pinot Meunier (34%)
Chardonnay (28%)
What is the meaning of the term “tirage”?
Bottling
What was the first Champagne house?
Ruinart (1729)
What was Dom Pierre Perigon’s most important contribution to Champagne?
Creating the Cuvee(blend) of Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, and Pinot Meunier
Which Champagne is drier: Brut Nature or Sec?
Brut Nature
What does the abbreviation “RC” refer to?
Recoltant-Cooperateur. A grower who sends his/her grapes to a co-op to be made into Champagne, then sells this wine under a private label.
What is Champagne’s most widely planted grape?
Pinot Noir (38%)
What does the abbreviation “NM” refer to?
Negociant-Manipulant. A producer of Champagne who buys grapes from others.
Which Champagne region is included in the Kimmeridgian Ring?
The Cote des Bar
What is the primary grape of the Vallee de la Marne?
Pinot Meunier
What is disgorgement “a la volee”?
The traditional disgorgement of Champagne by hand
What is the difference between AOC Coteaux Champenois and AOC Champagne?
AOC Coteaux Champenois is 100% still, while AOC Champagne is 100% sparkling. Both AOCs cover the same area and use the same graps.
What is a “Blanc de Noirs”?
A white sparkling wine made from black grapes.
What were the two principal grapes of Champagne in the 9th to 16th centuries?
Gouais
Fromenteau
How many standard bottles of wine are contained in a Balthazar?
16
What is “remuage”?
Riddling, or turning Champagne bottles to collect the lees in the neck.
What does the abbreviation “RM” refer to ?
Recoltant-Manipulant. A producer who grows his/her own grapes and makes his/her own champagne.
What was Louise Pommery’s contribution to Champagne?
She initiated the trend for dry styles of Champagne.
Why is Belemite chalk preferred over Micraster chalk?
Because of its location. Belamite is found at the upper to mid-slope, where there is more sun and better water retention.
What are the three levels in the Echelle des Crus?
Grand Cru: 100 % (17)
Premier Cru: 90-99% (42 )
Cru: 80-89% (255)
What are the three AOCs in Champagne?
Rose des Riceys
Coteaux Champenois
Champagne
How many standard bottles of wine are contained in a Magnum?
2
What is the primary grape of Vitry-le-Francois?
Chardonnay
What is “sur lie” aging?
The aging of wine on dead yeast cells.
What is the “liqueur d’expedition”?
The mix of sugar and still reserve wine added to Champagne after disgorgement and before the cork is inserted
What are the seven levels of sweetness of Champagne?
From driest to sweetness:
Brut Nature
Extra Brut
Extra-Sec
Sec
Demi-Sec
Doux
What is “transversage”
The process of using 750 ml bottles of Champagne to fill large and small format bottles after disgorgement
What does the abbreviation “CM” refer to?
Cooprative de Manipulation. A coooperative that makes Champagne using the grapes of its members.
How many standard bottles of wine are contained in a Nebucharnezzar?
20
What is the primary grape of the Cote des Bar?
Pinot Noir
Which Champagne is sweeter? Doux or Demi-Sec?
Doux
How many standard bottles of wine are contained in a Jeroboam?
4
What is a “gyropalette”?
A metal mechanized rack used for riddling
What is a “chaufrette”?
A smudge-pot, or oil-burning device used to prevent grape vines from freezing during a sudden cold snap.
What is a “pupitre”?
An a-frame rack used for riddling Champagne bottles.
What are the two types of chalk found in Champagne?
Belemite and Micraster
What does the term “sur lattes” refer to?
The practice of storing Champagne bottles on horizontal strips of wood
What is a “Tete de Cuvee”?
A Champagne house’s prestige bottling.
What is France’s northernmost wine region?
Champagne
How many standard bottles of wine are contained in a Rehoboam?
6
What are the aging requirements for Champagne (vintage and non vintage)?
Non-vintage: 12 m on lees and 3 months in cellar
Vintage: 12 months on lees + 24 more months in cellar
Cremant: 9 months on lees
What are the four principal sub-regions of Champagne?
Montagne and Val de Reims
Vallee de la Marne
Cote des Blancs
Cote des Bar
What is “disgorgement”?
The removal of yeast after the second fermentation of sparkling wine made in the Champagne method.
What is the meaning of the term “prise de mouse”?
“Seizing of the foam”. or the second alcoholic fermentation in the making of Champagne.
How many standard bottles of wine are contained in a Methuselah?
8
What is the primary grape of the Cote des Blancs?
Chardonnay
How many standard bottles of wine are contained in a Salmanazar?
12
What is a “crayere”?
Defunt chalk quarries dug by the Romans, now used as wine cellars.
What is the primary grape of the Montagne de Reims?
Pinot Noir
What are the seven climats of the Chablis Grand Cru AOC?
Bourgros, Les Clos, Grenouilles, Blanchot, Les Preuses, Valmur and Vaudesir
What was Philip the Bold’s contribution to Burgundian winemaking?
He outlawed Gamay in the Cote d’Or
What type of soil is preferred by Chardonnay?
Marl
What is the primary soil type of the Cote de Nuits?
Limestone and limestone-rich marl
What village is home to the Clos de Tart and Clos de la Roche Grand Cru?
Morey-Saint-Denis in the Cote de Nuits
For what style of wine is the Chatillonnais best known?
Cremant de Bourgogne (The Chatillonais borders Champagne’s Cote de Bar)
What is “Marl”?
a mixture of soft limestone and clay
What area of Bourgogne is known for Kimmerdgen marl soil?
The Grand and Premier Cru vineyards of Chablis.
What are the three AOCs of Chablis?
Chablis Grand Cru, Chablis, Petit Chablis
(Chablis Premier Cru falls under the Chablis AOC)
What village is home to the La Tache and Echezeaux Grand Cru?
Vosne-Romanee in the Cote de Nuits
What Cote de Nuits village is known for rose production?
Marsannay
Does Bourgogne produce more red or white wine?
66% is white
What is the difference between Cremant de Bourgogne “Eminent” and “Grand Eminent”?
Eminent: 24 months sur lie.
Grand Eminent: 36 months sur lie, plus 3 months in cellar between disgorgement and release
What are the names of the three villages in the Cote de Beaune that share the Corton Grand Cru?
Ladoix Serrigny, Aloxe-Corton and Pernand Vergelesse
Where do Premier Crus fit in Bourgogne’s quality pyramid?
The Premier Crus are incorporated into the village AOC category as climats
What is the northernmost commune in the Cote de Nuits?
Marsannay
What Cote Chalonnaise village is known for Cremant de Bourgogne?
Rully
What is a “climat”?
A named parcel of land in Bourgogne
What style of wine is produced in the Pouilly-Fuisse, Sait-Veran and Vire Clesse AOCs?
Dry white from Chardonnay
What Bourgogne commune was once part of Beaujolais?
Saint-Veran in the Maconnais
What is the primary soil type of the Chablis and Petit Chablis AOCs?
Portlandian marl
What Cote Chalonnaise AOC produces only white wines?
Montagny
What two Cote de Beaune villages produce only red wine?
Pommard and Volnay
What is the only Grand Cru in the Cote de Beaune for red wines?
Corton Grand Cru (also makes white)
What is the primary grape of the Maconnais?
Chardonnay
What Grand Cru is shared between Morey-Saint-Denis and Chambolle-Musigny?
Bonnes Mares
Gamay is a cross between:
Gouais Blanc x Pinot
What type of soil does Pinot Noir prefer?
Limestone and Limestone rich marl
What are the two primary grapes of Bourgogne?
Chardonnay and Pinot Noir
What is the Cote de Beaune’s southernmost village?
Maranges
What is the climate of Bourgogne?
semi-continental with Atlantic (maritime) influences in the north and Mediterranean influences in the south
What Cote de Nuits Grand Cru is located at the bottom of the slopes?
Clos de Vougeot
What two grapes are typically blended to produce Passse-tour-Grains?
Pinot Noir and Gamay
What Bourgogne AOC produces wines from Sauvignon Blanc?
The St Bris AOC in the Grand Auxerrois
What are the five Bourgogne regions from north to south?
Chablis, Cote de Nuits, Cote de Beaune, Cote Chalonnaise, Maconnais
What portion of Bourgogne’s famed slope is considered the best for growing high-quality grapes?
mid slope has the ideal amount of topsoils and receives the ideal amount of rain
What Bourgogne village makes wines from 100% aligote?
Bouzeron in Cote Chalonnaise
What Cote de Nuits villages have no grand crus?
Marsannay, Fixin and Nuits St Georges
What is the synonym for Pinot Gris in the Bourgogne?
Pinot Beurot
For every 250 foot increase in elevation, the temperature drops by how many degrees?
One
What style of wine can be made the Macon-Village AOC
dry white only
What is the climate of Chablis?
continental with Atlantic influences
What contribution did John the Fearless make to winemaking in Bourgogne?
He convinced Charles VI to establish a fixed zone of production
Is Beaujolais Nouveau a style of wine or an AOC?
It is a style of wine that can be made under the Beaujolais or Beaujolais Village AOCs
What Beaujolais Cru is famous for its soils of “roches pourries” (decomposed schist)?
Morgon AOC
What Beaujolais Crus is generally considered the most age-worthy, full bodies and tannic?
Moulin-a-Vent
What grape varieties is/are used to produce White Beaujolais AOCs?
100% chardonnay
What is the smallest Beaujolais Cru?
Chenas
What Beaujolais Cru is considered to be benchmark Beaujolais?
Chiroubles
What Beaujolais Crus is known for cornes verts? (blue-green soils)
Brouilly
What Beaujolais Cru is considered the most fruity, delicate and floral?
Fleurie
What grape is used for the white wine of Beaujolais?
Chardonnay
What is the climate of Beaujolais?
Semi-continental with Mediterranean influences
What is “arrene” or “gorrhe”?
A sandy, mineral-rich soil found in northern Beaujolais
What type of soil is preferred by Gamay?
Granit
What Beaujolais Crus is considered to be “the king of Beaujolais”?
Moulin a Vent
What soil type generally produces more structured, complex wine in Beaujolais?
Granit and schist
Which Burgundian appellations can include grapes grown in Beaujolais?
Coteaux Bourguignons, Bourgogne Rouge, Rose, and Blanc, Bourgogne Pinot Noir, Aligote and Gamay
What river divides northern Beaujolais from the south?
The Nizerand
What method is generally used to make sparking sweet rose wine in Beaujolais?
Methode Ancestrale
Pinoter is a verb used in Beaujolais to describe:
The tendency for Moulin-a-Vent to become Pinot Noir like as it ages
What is the northernmost Beaujolais Cru?
Saint Amour
What grape varity(ies) is/are used to produce Red Beaujolais AOC?
Must contain at least 85% Gamay. The balance can be Pinot Noir, Pinot Gris, Chardonnay, Aligote and Melon.
What grape is responsible for 98% of the wines in Beaujolais?
Gamay
What Beaujolais Cru has the highest elevation and coolest climate?
Chiroubles
What Beaujolais cru is the largest in size?
Brouilly
What Beaujolais Cru is the newest?
Regnie AOC (1988)
What river flows to the east of Beaujolais?
The Saone River
When is Beaujolais Nouveau Day?
The third Thursday of November
What is the southern-most Beaujolais Cru?
Brouilly
What three Beaujolais Crus are regarded as having the greatest aging potential?
Moulin a Vent
Morgon
Chenas
What is Savoie’s most widely planted grape variety?
Jacquere
What grape variety is most associated with the Savoie villages of Crepy, Marignan, Marin and Ripaille?
Chasselas
What are the two most important red grapes of Savoie?
Mondeuse Noir
Gamay
What is Savoie’s largest wine district?
Chambery
What is the climate of Savoie?
Alpine
What styles of wine are made in the Vin de Savoie AOC?
red, white, rose or sparkling
What style of wine is most associated with the Savoie village of L’Ayze?
Sparking Vin de Savoie
What grape variety is most associated with the Savoie villages of Arbin and St Jean de la Porte?
Mondeuse Noire
What is a synonym for Roussane in Savoie?
Bergeron
The Savoie crus of Apremont and Abymes are found in what wine district?
Chambery
What grape varieties is/are used in the Roussette de Savoie AOC?
Altesse
What are the primary grape varieties used in the Crement de Savoie AOC?
Jacquere and Altesse
What is the primary grape variety used in Vin de Savoie AOC sparkling wine?
Gringet
What grape variety is most associated with the Savoie village of Chignin?
Bergeron
Does Savoie make more red or white wine?
White wine
What grape varity is/are used in the Savoie Seyssel AOC?
Still wines much be 100% Atlesse, sparking wine must include 10% Atlesse, and Molette and Chasselas make up the balance.
What Savoie wine district is known for red wine?
Boues Mountain/Combe de Savoie
What is Savoie’s most widely planted grape variety?
Jacquere
What is the principal white grape of the Centre Loire?
Sauvignon Blanc
What Centre Loire AOC produces wines from Chasselas?
Pouilly-Sur-Loire
How long must Loire Cremant spend aging on its lees?
12 months (vs 9 months in most other French regions)
What is “passerillage”?
The technique of allowing grapes to wither and dry on the vine
For what style of wine is Saumur best known?
Sparkling
What are the three crus of Muscadet Sevre et maine AOC?
Clisson
Gorges
LePallet
What defines “Mousseux”?
The term means frothy or bubbly. There are method traditionelle wines with at least 3 atms of pressure.
What style of wine is made in the Chaume and Quarts de Chaume AOCs?
sweet, botrytized dessert wines.
The term “silex” refers to
Flint soils found in the centre Loire
The Pineau de la Loire grape is more commonly known as
Chenin Blanc
What is Touraine Noble Joue?
A vin gris made primarily from Pinot Meunier
What type of wine is made in the Rose d’Anjou AOCs?
off-dry rose made primarily from Grolleau
What Loire sub-region has a wholly continental climate?
The center and upper Loire
What three white grapes are grown in the Lower Loire?
Muscadet
Folle Blanche
Pinot Gris
What is the difference between Cabernet d’Anjou AOC and Cabernet de Saumur AOC?
Cabernet de Saumur AOC is drier. It can contain a max of 0.7 sugar. Cabernet d’Anjou must contain a minimum of 1% sugar.
What are the primary red grapes of the Upper Loire?
Pinot Noir and Gamay
What defines “caillottes”?
Little limestone pebbles. one of the three soil types of the Centre Loire
What Loire winegrowing region is known for Kimmeridgian limestone?
The Centre Loire
What are the three distinct soil types of the Centre Loire?
Terres blanches, caillottes, silex
The Gros Plant grape is also known as
Folle Blanche
The Muscadet grape is also known as:
Melon de Bourgogne
What style of wine is made in the Rose de Loire AOC?
Dry rose made anywhere in the Middle Loire
What two Centre Loire AOCs are located on the Cher River?
Quincy and Reuilly
Where is Vouvray located?
Touraine (Middle Loire)
In which Loire sub-region is the Pays Nantais located?
Lower Loire
What is Touraine Primeur?
a wine made from Gamay using semi-carbonic maceration
What is a Loire synonym for Cabernet Franc?
Breton
Savennieres is best known for
Dry Chenin Blanc, but moelleux an doux versions are also produced.
What defines “terres blanches”?
A marl that is rich in oyster fossils, one of the three soil types in the Centre Loire
What are the primary grapes of the Sancerre AOC?
Sauvignon Blanc
Pinot Noir
What category of Loire sparking wine does not have an aging requirement?
Petillant
What style of wine is produced in Layon?
sweet wines affected by noble rot
What defines the term “fines bulles”
It translates as “fine bubbles” is a general term for sparkling Loire wines
What grape is used to make sweet wine in the Middle Loire?
Chenin blanc
What style of wine is made in the Anjou Coteaux de la Loire AOC?
sweet, botrytized dessert wine
What area of the Loire has volcanic soils?
The Lower Loire, gneiss dominates the top soils, igneous rocks the sub soils
Other than the Loire River, what are the two other primary rivers of the Lower Loire?
Le Sevre Nantaise and La Petite Maine
Which Middle Loire AOC is a monopole?
Sauvenieres Coulee de Serrant
What style of wine is made in the Vouray AOC?
Dry, off dry and sweet whites from Chenin Blanc
What is the primary red grape of Touraine?
Cabernet France
Which sweet wine-producing subregion lies within the Anjou zone of production?
Layon
What is “tuffeau”?
white chalk interspersed with pockets of clay, gravel, and shale.
What Loire wine is frequently aged sur lie?
Muscadet
What is the principle grape used for rose production in the Middle Loire?
Grolleau
What grape variety is used in the Cour-Cheverny AOC?
Romorantin
What is the primary white grape of the Centre Loire?
Sauvignon Blanc
What style of wine is made in the Cabernet d’Anjou AOC?
off dry to sweet rose made from both Cabernets
What defines “Petillant”?
The term means “fizzy”. These are methode traditionelle wines with 1-2.5 Aatms of pressure
What style of wine is made in the Bonnezeaux AOC?
sweet, botrytized dessert wines
What three AOCs in the Centre Loire make white wine only?
Pouilly Fume
Pouilly Sur Loire
Quincy
What are the primary grapes of the Chinon AOC?
Cabernet France and Chenin Blanc
What two grapes dominate the Middle Loire?
Chenin Blanc an Cabernet France
What style of wine is made in the Coteaux du Layon AOC?
sweet, botrytized dessert wine
What style of wine is Coteaux de Saumur AOC?
sweet, botrytized dessert wine
What soil type gives wine a unique gunflint/smoky finish?
Silex (flint)
The Folle Blanche grape is also known as
Gros Plant
What style of wine is made in the Saussignac, Rosette and Monbazillac AOC?
make sweet whites
Cot is a synonym for what other grape variety?
Malbec
What Southwest sub-region produces wines the closest in style to those of Bordeaux?
Dordogne/Bergerac
What is the name of the river that runs through the Cahors AOC?
The Lot
The term moelleux refers to:
semi sweet wines made from late harvest grapes with or without botrytis
What grape variety is used to make Gaillac Premeur?
Gamay
What grape variety is most associated with the Cahors AOC?
Malbec
The term Liquoreux refers to
sweet wines made from Botrytized grapes
What southwest AOC is located within French Basque country?
Irouleguy AOC
In the Southwest, Cabernet France is also known as?
Bouchy
What is the name of the river that runs through Gaillac?
The Tarn
What is the name of the river that runs through Bergerac?
The Dordogne
What three grape varieties are used to make the sweet wines of Sauignac, Rosette and Monbazillac AOC?
Semillon, Sauvignon Blanc and Muscadelle
Who invented the micro-oxygenation winemaking technique?
Patrick Ducournau
“Methode Gaillacoise” refers to
used in Gaillac to indicate a sparkling wine made using the ancestral method
What style of wine is produced in the Jurancon AOC?
White wines based on Gos and Petit Manseng
What Southwest growing area lies in a rain shadow?
The Pyrenean foothills
What Southwest AOC makes wines mainly from Tannat?
Madiran
What wine styles are produced in Cotes de Bergerac?
Red and moelleux white
The Pacherenc du Vic-Bilh AOC overlaps with which appellation?
The Madiran AOC
What Southwest AOC makes sparkling wine using the ancestral method?
The Gaillac AOC
Braucol, Mansoi and Pinenc are all synonyms for what grape variety?
Fer Servadou
Where was Micro-oxygenation invented?
The Madiran AOC
What Southwest AOC is most associated with the Len de L’el variety?
The Gaillac AOC
What AOC within the Dordogne/Bergerac sub-region does not make white wine?
Bergerac (red and rose)
What is Provence’s smallest AOC by size?
Palette
What AOC is responsible for 75% of all wine produced in Provence?
Cotes de Provence AOC
What are the two main soil types found in Provence?
Calcerous limestone and quartz-rich schist
What Provence AOC is known for wines from Mouvedre?
Bandol
What are the four geographic designations of the Cotes de Provence AOCs?
Saint Victoire
Frejus
La Londe
Pierrefeu
What Provence AOC produces more red wine than rose?
Les Beau de Provence AOC
What Provence AOC is known for organic and biodynamic farming?
Les Baux de Provence AOC
Rolle is a synonym for what grape?
Vermentino
What is the principal red grape of Bandol AOC?
Mourvedre
What is garrigue?
A term used to describe limestone soils and the wild herbs that grown upon it.
What is Maquis?
A mix of reinous herbs that grown on schist soils
What is the climate of Provence?
Mediterranean, with some continental and/or alpine influence in the north
What civilization first planted vines in Provence?
The ancient Phocaens
What Provence AOC has a strong alpine influence?
Coteaux de Pierrevert AOC
What Provence AOC is known for indigenous grapes like Braquet and Folle Noire?
Bellet AOC
What is the Hercynian Trend?
A deformation in the earth’s crust responsible for creating the mountains and massifs of Provence and Lenguedoc
What is the only AOC in Provence that permits Chardonnay?
Bellet
What Provence AOC surrounds the city of Nice?
Bellet
What Provence AOC produces mainly white wine?
The Cassis. 70%
What is Provence’s Cru Classe?
A ranking of 18 estates within the Cotes de Provence AOC
What is vin cuit?
A wine produced in Palette AOC by cooking grape must
What grapes are allowed in Cotes de Provence AOC red and rose?
must contain at least two of the primary types: Grenache, Syrah, Mourvedre, Cinsault and Tibouren
The term “restanques” refers to
Terraced stone walls in vineyard, especially in Bandol
Nieulluccio is a synonym for what Italian grape?
Sangiovese
Where are Corsica’s vineyards located?
The vineyards ring the coastline. The center of the island is a mountainous national park.
What is the most widely planted red variety in Corsica?
Nieulluccio
What is Corsica’s Island-wide IGP?
The IGP LLe de Beaute
Sangiovese is known as ___ in Corsica
Nieulluccio
What is the most widely planted white grape variety in Corsica?
Vermentino
What IGP is shared among the Rhone, Provence and Corsica?
IGP Mediterranee
What is the climate of Corsica?
Mediterranean with oceanic and alpine influences
Does Corsica produce more AOC or IGP wine?
IGP, just 30% is AOC
What is Corsica’s largest AOC by volume of production?
Vin de Corse AOC
What is Corsica’s largest AOC by size?
Vin de Corse, 45% of production
Does Corsica produce more red or white
Red
Syrah
Dureza x Mondeuse Blanche
What grape is used in Cour Cheverny?
Romanrantin
Perruchi means
flint/clay
aubius means
limestone clay
Fer Servadou synonym
Braucol, Mansoi, Pinec
Fitou makes what wine
Syrah
Entre-Deaux-Mers
Entre-Deaux-Haunt-Benauge
Bordeaux-Haunt-Benauge
dry white
dry white
dry/semi sweet
Malbec
Prunlard x Mageleine Noir de Charentes
Carmerene
Cab France x Gros Cab
Merlot
Cab France x Magdeleine Noir de Charentes
Cab France is from what country?
Spain
L’Ayze what grape?
gringet
Quincy
white wine, sb/sg
klevner
pinot blanc
Sylvaner
savagnin blanc & ostenreichis weiss
