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Bordeaux Flashcards

1
Q

Who was Chateau Ausone named after?

A

Ausonius, court favorite, scholar, poet and Bordeaux native

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2
Q

What was the role of England in developing Bordeaux?

A

Ties to English established a strong maritime trade in Bordeaux wine, and the city and region flourished as never before. This is through the marriage. Bordeaux became England’s vineyard. The maritime trade gave birth to a wealthy merchant class and heralded Bordeaux’s first Golden Age.

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3
Q

How did France reclaimed Bordeaux and expelled the English?

A

The famous battle of Castillon in 1453.

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4
Q

What was the role of the Dutch in developing Bordeaux?

A

After the Hundred Year war, the dutch wanted white wine to distill eau de vie and sweet whites, Bordeaux shift its production accordingly. This led to the second Golden Age. Dutch drained the Medoc peninsula

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5
Q

Who is “father of the appellations d’origine controlee”?

A

Jean Capus, he separated Bordeaux into a network of 57 AOCs in 1935.

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6
Q

Who triggered the 3rd golden age

A

Robert Parker, marketing influence, 1982 vintage

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7
Q

What are the two UNESCO sites within Bordeaux region

A

The city of Bordeaux and the town of St Emilion

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8
Q

What is the Bordeaux’s wine production in france?

A

25%

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9
Q

What is Bordeaux’s climate?

A

maritime.

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10
Q

Describe Bordeaux’s climate in detail.

A

Rest on the Atlantic coast. Its Gulf stream warms and regulates temperatures. In addition, 2.5 m acres of pine forest provide a barrier to ocean winds and storms. Sufficient water, irrigation is not necessary nor legal. Riddled with a network of rivers that empty into the Gironde Estuary, keep the temperature both constant and moderate.

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11
Q

What does Entre-Deux-Mers mean?

A

Between the Two Seas

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12
Q

True or Flase? Does Bordeaux have frost issue?

A

Yes. spring.

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13
Q

When did Malbec lose 1/3 of its acrage?

A

The winter freeze of 1956. It was not replanted.

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14
Q

What are the dominant grapes in white blends?

A

SB and Semillon

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15
Q

What is the typical red blend?

A

Merlot and Cab, then Cab Franc and a smattering of Malbec and Petit Verdot.

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16
Q

The origin of the soil?

A

The last ice age and inter-glacier met left extensive river deposits and marine sediments across the entire Gironde. Its soils are primarily sedimentary, featuring gravel terraces interspersed with sand, silt and clay, plus both fresh-water and salt-water limestones.

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17
Q

Describe warm soil

A

Gravel and Sand. They radiate heat back into the vine canopy and help to ripen the grapes by keeping the temperature above 10. Gravel yields wines with firm tannins and structure. Sandy soil yields more opulent, soft and fruit-forward wine with easy drinkability.

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18
Q

Describe cold soil

A

Clay and limestone. They are dense and moisture-retaining, so they do not hasten the ripening process. Clay, iron-rich, produces wines with tell-tale notes of prune and English walnut. Limestone produces wines with pronounced acidity and lean, polished tannins.

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19
Q

What is the total production of white varieties in Bordeaux?

A

12%

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20
Q

What is the total production of red varieties in Bordeaux?

A

88%

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21
Q

What are the main white varieties in Bordeaux?

A

Semillon (49%), Sauvignon Blanc (43%) and Muscadelle (6%)

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22
Q

What are the main red varieties in Bordeaux?

A

Merlot (65%), Cab (23%), Cab Franc (10%). Minor ones: Malbec, petit verdot, carmenere (2%)

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23
Q

What caused the stylistic change of white?

A

Used to be more mineral-driven. Later, it was realized that the copper-sulfate spray to combat molds and mildews were robbing SB of its aromatics. Today judicious and well-timed sprays have now effectively eliminated this problem. The new generation of SB is much more perfumed, via stainless steel fermentation

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24
Q

What is the residual sugar requirement by law for Bordeaux semi sweet wine?

A

1.2-4.5 (12-45g/l)

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25
Q

What is the residual sugar requirment by law for Bordeaux sweet wine?

A

4.5% (+45g/l)

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26
Q

What is the main difference between Bordeaux reds compared to new world counterparts?

A

less fruit-driven, less alcoholic, less overtly oaked. often find expression in the finish which is often accented by graphite, cigar box, walnut and tea elements

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27
Q

What is Clairet wine

A

semi red, the same basic winemaking regimen as traditional red wine except its maceration is a relatively short 24-36 hours. made in saignee method

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28
Q

How long should you age Cremant?

A

9 months

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29
Q

What are the three sub regions in Bordeaux?

A

Left Bank, Right Bank, and Entre-Deux-Mers

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30
Q

What are the main area on Left Bank?

A

Medoc and Graves

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31
Q

What are the main characters of red blends on Left Bank?

A

gravel soil. The reds tend to be more firmly structured, they process significant amounts of tannin and are hallmarked by cassis, graphite, tobacco, cedar and sweet herb. Cab based blends

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32
Q

Which Bordeux region has the highest elevation?

A

Entre-Deux-Mers

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33
Q

What are the grape varietals for red and white blends in Entre-Deux-Mers?

A

Red: both merlot and Cb, White: SB

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34
Q

What is the soil type of right bank?

A

clay and limestone

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35
Q

What is the soil type of left bank?

A

gravel

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36
Q

What are the characters of red blends on right bank?

A

Merlot and Cab Franc. The wine tend to be more supply with soft plummy fruit. Limestone delivers wines of silky tannins and high acidity, iron rich clays will add a touch of walnut and prune.

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37
Q

What is the main difference between Bordeux AOC and Bordeux Superieur AOC?

A

lower maximum yield, higher alcohol levels. In addition, Superieur red wine must be aged for at least nine months and whites must fall into the moelleux (semi-sweet). There are no dry white Bordeaux Superieur.

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38
Q

What are the maximum yields for Bordeux AOC white, Superieur moelleux white, red, Superieus red?

A

4, 2,9, 3.6, 3.5

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39
Q

What are the alcohol levels for Bordeux AOC white, Superieur moelleux white, red, Superieus red?

A

10, 11, 10.5, 11

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40
Q

What are regional AOCs?

A

Bordeaux, Bordeaux Superieus, Bordeaux Chairet and Bordeaux Rose

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41
Q

What are samples of sub regional AOCs

A

Medoc, Haut-Medoc, Graves, Entre-Deux-Mers

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42
Q

What are samples of communal AOCs

A

Margaux, Pessac-Leognan, Sauternes, Barsac

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43
Q

True or Flase: Medoc region produces red wine only.

A

True

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44
Q

Name 8 AOCs in Medoc:

A

Medoc, St Estephe, Pauliac, St Julien, Listrac-Medoc, Moulis, Margaux, Haut-Medoc

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45
Q

How is Cremant made?

A

Can be white or rose, can range from Extra Brut to Doux. It takes the same two step process as Champagne (method traditionnelle) in order to capture the bubble in the bottle.

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46
Q

The difference between rose and clairet?

A

clairet is semi red, it is longer maceration 24-36 hours and rose is only a few hours. It uses “saignee” (bleeding the tank) method to elevate the skin to juice ratio in the remaining vat.

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47
Q

What AOC has wine with dusty cocoa like tannins?

A

Pauliac AOC

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48
Q

Which AOPC is considered the most “Californian” of Medoc communes?

A

St Julien, chocolate covered cherry fruit

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49
Q

Which AOC is considered most feminine and perfumed in all Medoc

A

Margaux

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50
Q

Which two AOCs have diverse soils in Medoc

A

Moulis and Listrac-Medoc. Have small pyrenees gravel, garonnais gravel and clay/limestone mix.

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51
Q

Which AOC has the highest point of elevation in Medoc

A

Listrac-Medoc

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52
Q

Where is the first vineyard in Bordeaux region planted?

A

Graves

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53
Q

Describe wine in Graves

A

white: sv and semillon blends. red: Cab driven as much as the soil allows (gravels). any red or dry white can be Graves AOV, semi-sweeet are given the Graves Superieures

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54
Q

What are the 6 AOCs in Graves?

A

Pessa-Leognan, Graves,Graves Supericures, Cerons, Barsac, Sauternes

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55
Q

What has a note worthy clover in finish

A

Pessac-Leognan AOC in

56
Q

What are the sweet wine AOCs in Graves

A

Sauternes, Cerons, Barsac

57
Q

How is botrytis developed in Graves

A

macro-climate that promotes the growth of botrytis cinerea. Mornings are web thanks to fog created by the Ciron River, when cool and foggy mornings are followed by dry, warm afternoon, botrytis cinerea develops and enables producers to craft honeyed dessert wine.

58
Q

True or False: Only sweet wine are botled as Barsac AOC

A

True

59
Q

True or Flase: Barsac is not part of Sauternes

A

False

60
Q

What are the primary grapes of Entre-Deau-Mers

A

Red far outpaces white. White: Mostly SB, Red: Merlot and both Cabernet

61
Q

The main wine production in Entre-Deux-Mers AOC and Entre-Deux-Mers-Haut-Benauge AOC

A

dry whites

62
Q

The main wine production in Bordeaux-Haunt-Benauge

A

dry and semin sweet

63
Q

What regions in Entre-Deux-Mers produce sweet wine?

A

Cadillac, Loupiac, and Saint Croix-du-Mont

64
Q

What are the AOCs in Entre-Deux-Mers?

A

Graves de Vayres, Saint-Foy Bordeux, Entre-Deux-Mers, Bordeaux Haut-Benauge, Cadillac, Cadillac-Cote de Bordeux, Premieres Cotes de Bordeaux, Loupiac, Cote de Bordeaux St Mecaire, Saint Croix du Mont

65
Q

Which AOC in Entre-Deux-Mers produce drey red, white and semi sweet white?

A

Saint Foy Bordeaux AOC, Grave de Vayres

66
Q

Which AOCs produce dry white only in Entre-Deux-Mers

A

Entre-Deux-Mers and Entre-Deux-Mers Haunt Benarge

67
Q

Which AOC produce red only in Entre-Deux-Mers

A

Cadlillac-Cote de Bordeux

68
Q

Which AOCs produce semi sweet white?

A

Premieres Cote de Bordeaux

69
Q

What are the primary red blend grape in Libournais

A

Merlot and Cab Franc

70
Q

What are the 10 AOCs in Libournais

A

Fronsac, Canon-Fronsac, Pomerol, Lalande de Pomerol, Saint Emilion, St Emilion Grand Cru, Saint Georges Saint Emilion, Lussac-Saint-Emillion, Montagne-Saint-Emilion, Puisseguin-Saint-Emilion

71
Q

Which AOC in Libournais has iron rich soil

A

Pomerol (also Lalande de Pomerol)

72
Q

Which two AOCs are separated from the rest by Isle River in Libournais

A

Fronsac and Canon Fronsac

73
Q

What are the characters of iron-rich Pomerol wine

A

english walnut, truffle, and prune (clay and gravel)

74
Q

True and False: St Emilion and St Emilion Grand Cru cover different areas

A

False

75
Q

What are the main difference between St Emilion and St Emilion Grand Cru

A

Grand Cru has stricter rules: lower yield, higher minimum alcohol, bottled at the chateau, undergo two tastings - before and after the mandatory one year period of aging.

76
Q

What are the four satellites of St Emilion?

A

st george-st emilion, Lussac-St Emilion, MOntagne-St Emilion and Puisseguin-St Emilion

More delicate structure

77
Q

What does Cotes mean

A

coast/slope

78
Q

Are all of the cotes on left bank or right bank?

A

right bank

79
Q

What are the primary soil type of all Cotes?

A

clay and limestone

80
Q

With the 2008 Vintage, what is the new AOC debuted by Bordelais?

A

Cote de Bordeaux

81
Q

True or False: Cote de Bordeaux is dry red only

A

True

82
Q

What are the 4 sub regional AOCs in Cote de Bordeaux

A

Blaye, Cadillac, Castillon, Francs

83
Q

What are the principle reds permitted in Cote de Bordeaux

A

cab sauvigon, cab franc, malbec, merlot

84
Q

What are the principle white permitted in Cote de Bordeaux

A

sauvignon blanc, sauvignon gris, semillon, muscadelle

85
Q

What is the dominant grape for Cadillac Cote de Bordeaux

A

merlot dominanted

86
Q

What is the classification of 1855?

A

The 1855 list places the top chateaux in Bordeaux in a ranking of first through fifth growths, this was a working document put together by the Union of Commercial Brokers and served as a reference guide. It was not meant as a classification. At the request of Napoleon III, it was at the Universal Exhibition where it was on display. Initially, 87 chateaux were ranked. (1 from pessa leognan, 26 from sauternes and barsac, and 60 from Medoc)

87
Q

True or False: 1855 classification doesnt include any right bank or dry white

A

True

88
Q

What is cru artisans?

A

small (2.5-12.5 acre) estates that are entirely responsible for their own production from vineyard to barrel to bottle. There are 50 in new (2006) classification

89
Q

What is Graves classification?

A

ranked 16 properties in 1953 then 1959. All wines ranked fall within the Pessac-Leognan AOC and are entitled to “Grand Cru Classe de Graves” (can be included in label). 6 for red/white, 3 for white and 7 for red

90
Q

What is St Emilion classification

A

1955, the only region on the right bank with a classification system. 2006 revision was declared invalid but six properties got to keep the grand cru classe status. 4 Premiers Grands Crus A(Ausone Cheval Blanc), 14 P for B level and 64for Grands Crus Classes - 2019 classification

91
Q

Describe the wine trade in Bordeaux?

A

About 70% of Bordeaux wine is sold through a network of 300 wine traders. Wines are sold on the future market, pre-sold while still in barrel. The initial asking price is intended to be significantly lower than its final release price,. The Chateaus sell off the remaining wine in stages (tranches). 58% of Bordeaux wine are consumed in France, the exported wine tend to be high end. 36 co-ops and 4 co-op unions, 41% of growers belong to one of the organizations. Collectively, the co-ops bottle 25% of Bordeaux harvest each year.

92
Q

What is the optimal conditions for wine cellaring?

A

50-60F and 65-75% humidity, on the side, devoid of ultraviolet light and vibration

93
Q

True or False: Cooler cellars result in complex aromas and flavors.

A

True

94
Q

Which grape has indian spice?

A

Camerene

95
Q

What is the number 1 red grape?

A

Merlot

96
Q

What are the primary red grapes?

A

Merlot and Cab

97
Q

What are the primary white grapes?

A

Semillon and SB

98
Q

What is the hundred years war?

A

King Edward III of England refused to pay personal homage to Philip of Valois , King of France.

99
Q

True or False: Blending is mandated in Bordeaux

A

False.

100
Q

What are the other names for Malbec?

A

cot, Noir de Pressac

101
Q

What are the style of Cremant and sweetness level?

A

White or Rose, 9 months of ageing sur lie, can be from Extra Brut to Doux

102
Q

Where is the left bank?

A

West of the Gironde Estuary and Garonne River

103
Q

Where is Entre-Deux-Mers?

A

The island of vines sandwiched between the Garonne and the Dordogne Rivers

104
Q

What is the soil at St Emilion and St Emilion Grand Cru

A

limestone and clay

105
Q

What are the two pockets island of Pomerol soil within St Emillion

A

Ch. Figuec and Ch. Cheval Blanc.
some wines demonstrate high acid and polished tannins (limestone)
others fruit forward (sandstone),
still mirror a Pomerol flavor profile (iron rich clay and gravel)

106
Q

Which subregion of Cotes de Bordeaux AOC allows liquoreux whites?

A

Francs - Cote de Bordeaux

107
Q

Which subregions of Cotes de Bordeaux AOC allow dry red only?

A

Cadillac- Cotes de Bordeaux and Castillon-Cotes de Bordeaux

108
Q

Premieres Cotes de Bordeaux AOC

A

moelleux, semi sweet white. Semillon dominates

109
Q

Blaye AOC, Blaye -Cites de Bordeau Blanc AOC, Blaye-Cotes De Boardeaux Rouge AOC, cotes de Blaye AOC

A

red only (cab dominates), dry white(SB), red (merlot based), Colombard/Ugni blanc

110
Q

Francs-Cotes de Bordeaux AOC

A

Cab Franc is well represented (limestone soil), but merlot still dominates the blend

111
Q

Castillon-Cotes de Bordeaux AOC

A

Merlot dominates

112
Q

Bourg AOC & Cotes de Bour AOC

A

red and dry white. a combo of silt, sand, clay, and limestone soil. The dominant red is Merlot

113
Q

Cotes de Bordeaux- Saint-Macaire AOC

A

dry, semi sweet, and sweet whites

114
Q

What is the main IGP in Bordeaux?

A

Atlantique IGP

115
Q

What are the 3 categorieis for classification for sweet wines

A

Premieur Cru Superieur, Premier Cru and Deuxieme Cru

116
Q

What is Cru Bourgeois

A

Intended as a classification system but remained as a syndicate. It was represented by a member organization: the Alliance des Crus Bourgeois. Members need to abide by certain grape growing and winemaking practices above and beyond AOC regulations. They also need the nod of their peers.

117
Q

St Emilion Grand Cru vs St Emilion Grand Cru Classe

A

the former is AOC, the latter is classification. A wine that achieve classie needs to be a Grand Cru AOC first.

118
Q

how to decant older wine with sediment

A
  1. bring the bottle upright 2) stand for 30 mins 3) pop the cork , gently pour the wine into decanter, position above a light source to avoid sediment 4) very old wine, serve immediately
119
Q

How to decant yooung wine

A

doesn’t require gentle handling because of no sediment. pop the cork and pour the wine into the decanter with some aggressive splashing, swirl it a time or two while in the decanter

120
Q

Cabernet Sauvignon is a cross between:

A

Sauvignon Blanc and Cabernet Franc

121
Q

What are the three secondary red grape varieties in Bordeaux?

A

Malbec, Petit Verdot and Carmenère

122
Q

What are the main soil types of Bordeaux’s Right Bank?

A

clay and limestone

123
Q

What are the three principal rivers of Bordeaux?

A

Gironde, Garonne, Dordogne

124
Q

What is the primary grape of Entre-Deux-Mers?

A

SB

125
Q

What is “Les Landes”?

A

A man-made forest separating Bordeaux from the ocean.

126
Q

What three Bordeaux winegrowing areas were included in the 1855 Classification?

A

Médoc (60 châteaux), Péssac-Leognan (1 château) and Sauternes (26 châteaux)

127
Q

What Bordeaux AOC produces dry whites mainly from Colombard?

A

Côtes de Blaye AOC

128
Q

What style of wine is produced in the Libournais?

A

All 10 Libournais AOCs are for dry reds only

129
Q

What defines the term “Petit Château”?

A

“Petit Château” is an unofficial term for an unclassified property in the Bordeaux region

130
Q

Why is Graves suited for sweet wine production?

A

Damp, foggy mornings followed by warm dry afternoons promote noble rot

131
Q

What did the 1953 Graves Classification rank?

A

The wines of 16 estates, rather than the estates themselves

132
Q

What contribution did the Dutch make to Bordeaux winemaking in the 1600s?

A

They drained the Médoc peninsula in order to grow grapes for sweet white table wine and for wine to distill into eau de vie

133
Q

How are reds from Entre-Deux-Mers labeled?

A

Bordeaux AOC” or “Bordeaux Supérieur AOC”

134
Q

What moderates Bordeaux’s climate?

A

The Gulf Stream, Les Landes, and the network of rivers

135
Q

What style of wine is made under the Entre-Deux-Mers AOC

A

The Entre-Deux-Mers AOC is for dry white wines only

136
Q

What estate is the only Premier Cru Supérieur of the 1855 classification?

A

Château d’Yquem

137
Q

A semi-sweet wine from Graves must labeled as:

A

Graves Supérieures AOC”

FWS Exam (15 decks)

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