Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Zero to finals > Rheum > Flashcards

Rheum Flashcards

1
Q

what hand joints are affected in osteoarthritis

A

DIP
carpometacarpal joint at base of thumb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

x ray changes osteoarthritis

A

loss of joint space
osteophytes
subchondral cysts
subarticular sclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

signs of osteoarthritis on examination

A

crepitus on movement
effusions
enlargement of the joint
restricted ROM
herberdens nodes
bouchards nodes
squaring of base of thumb
weak grip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

in osteoarthritis when do you get creptius

A

on movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the typical pattern of bone pain in osteoarthritis

A

worse with movement and at the end of the day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how is osteoarthritis diagnosed

A

clinically

over 45 with pain worse with movement and no morning stiffness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

osteoarthritis mx

A

conservative= weight loss, exercise, occupational therapy (walking aids etc)

medical= topical nsaids first line, then oral (plus PPI), sometimes intra articular steroids

surgical= joint replacement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how do NSAIDs cause hypertension

A

they block prostaglandins which are vasodilators

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

pain relief in osteoarthritis

A

paracetamol and opiates not recommended

nsaids for short term use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what antibody class is rheumatoid factor

A

IgM most often but can be others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

rheumatoid arthritis antobodies

A

anti ccp
rheumatoid factor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is felt on joint examination in rheumatoid arthritis

A

tenderness
synovial thickening

they feel boggy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

boggy joint indicates

A

rheumatoid arthritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

rheumatoid arthritis hand signs

A

z thumb
swan neck deformity
boutonniere deformity
ulnar deviation of hands and MCP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

swan neck deformity

A

flexed DIP
hyperextended PIP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

boutonnieres deformity

A

hyperextended DIP
flexed PIP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what spine change can occur in rheumatoid arthritis

what does this mean

A

atlanto-axial subluxation

patients should have an assessment before general anaesthetic and intubation as it can cause spinal cord compression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

extra articular manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis

A

pulmonary fibrosis
sjogrens syndrome
anaemia of chronic disease
carpal tunnel
eye conditions- scleritis, episcleritis, keratitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

suspected rheumatoid arthritis mx

A

urgent rheumatology referral (within 3 weeks)

start an nsaid and take bloods while waiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

x ray changes rheumatoid arthritis

A

periarticular osteopenia
bony erosions
soft tissue swelling
joint destruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

score used to measure functional ability in rheumatoid arthritis

A

HAQ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

score used to monitor disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis

A

DAS28

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

mx of rheumatoid arthritis

A

cMARDs or dMARDs

  1. monotherapy
  2. combination therapy
  3. biologics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

mildest dMARD for RA

A

hydroxychloroquine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

safest dMARDs for pregnancy

A

hydroxychloroquine
sulfasalazine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

TNF inihibitor biologic agents

A

adalimumab
etanercept
infliximab

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

methotrexate side effects

A

mouth ulcers
liver toxicity
bone marrow supression
teratogenic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

sulfasalazine side effects

A

orange urine
reversible male infertility
bone marrow supression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

leflunomide side effects

A

hypertension
peripheral neuropathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

hydroxycholorquine side effects

A

renal toxicity
blue grey skin pigmentation
hair bleaching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

anti tnf medications side effects

A

reactivation of TB
skin cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

rituximab side effects

A

night sweats
thrombocytopenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

psoriatic arthritis antibodies

A

it is seronegative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

oligoarthritis number of joints

A

1-4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

polyarthritis number of joints

A

more than 4

36
Q

what joints does psoriatic arthritis mainly affect

A

axial skeleton
DIP

37
Q

what is arthritis mutilans

A

in psoriatic arthritis when the whole joint is destroyed

telescoping (shortening) of the digits may be seen

38
Q

signs of psoriatic arthritis

A

dactilytis
nail pitting
onycholysis
psoriatic plaques

39
Q

x ray sign psoriatic arthritis

A

pencil in cup
seen in arthritis mutilans

40
Q

mx psoriatic arthritis

A

nsaids
steroids
dmards
biologics

41
Q

x ray signs psoriatic arthritis

A

periostitis
ankylosis
osteolysis
dactylitis

42
Q

what is reactive arthritis

A

arthritis triggered by an infection

usually a monoarthritis

43
Q

how is reactive arthritis different to septic arthritis

A

there is no infection in the joint

44
Q

reactive arthritis triad

A

cant see cant pee cant climb a tree

conjunctivitis
urethritis
arthritis

45
Q

reactive arthritis mx

A

treat the triggering infection
nsaids
steroid injection or systemic steroids

46
Q

ank spond autoantibodies

A

seronegative

47
Q

different for an acute swollen joint

A

reactive arthritis
septic arthritis
gout
pseudogout

48
Q

joint pain in ank spond

A

lower back and buttock pain
worse at night and may wake them in morning
morning stiffness lasting 30 mins
pain improves with activity

49
Q

associated conditions to ank spond pnuemonic

A

anterior uveitis
aortic regurg
av block
apical lung fibrosis
anaemia of chronic disease

50
Q

schobers test

A

mark 10cm above L5 and 5cm below
get them to bend forward and touch toes
distance <20cm= ank spond

51
Q

x ray changes in ank spond

A

squaring of vertebral bodies
fusion of joints
subchondral sclerosis
syndesmophytes
ossification of ligaments, discs and joints

52
Q

ank spond mx

A

medical
1. nsaids
2. anti tnf agents
3. secukinumab (monoclonal anitbodies)

intra articular steroids
physiotherapy
avoid smoking
exercise and mobilisation
bisphosphonates

53
Q

SLE symptoms

A

myalgia
fever
malar rash
lymphadenopathy
splenomegaly
joint pain
hair loss
mouth ulcers
fatigue
weight loss
SOB
pleuritic chest pain
raynauds
oedema

54
Q

FBC in SLE

A

anaemia of chronic disease
low WCC and platelets

55
Q

anti ds dna

A

SLE

56
Q

anti centromere

A

limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis

57
Q

anti ro and anti la

A

sjogrens

58
Q

anti scl-70

A

systemic sclerosis

59
Q

anti jo1

A

dermatomyositis

60
Q

complications of SLE

A

cardiovascular disease
pleuritis
pulmonary fibrosis
anaemia
pericarditis
lupus nephritis

61
Q

SLE mx

A

1st line
hydroxychloroquine
nsaids
steroids

if more severe
dmards
biologics

62
Q

dmard examples

A

mycophenolate mofetil
methotrexate
cyclophosphamide

63
Q

what is discoid lupus

A

autoimmune skin condition
photosensitive lesions that are inflamed, dry, erythematous and scaling

they can cause scarring alopecia, hypo or hyper pigmentation

64
Q

discoid lupus mx

A

sun protection
topical steroids
hydroxycholorquine

65
Q

other name for systemic sclerosis

A

scleroderma

66
Q

types of systemic sclerosis

A

limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis

diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis- CREST plus internal organ involvement

67
Q

describe scleroderma

A

hardening of the skin that makes it look tight and shiny

68
Q

colour changes in raynauds

A

white
then blue
then red

69
Q

raynauds mx

A

keep hand warm
CCB- nifedipine

70
Q

what drug worsens raynauds sx

A

beta blockers

71
Q

systemic sclerosis antibodies

A

ANA postive

limited= anti centromere
diffuse= anti scl 70

72
Q

what additional sx do you get in diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis

A

internal organ involvement

heart= hypertension, CAD
lung= pulmonary htn, pulmonary fibrosis
kidney= scleroderma renal crisis

73
Q

what condition is PMR associated with

A

GCA

74
Q

PMR antibodies

A

none

75
Q

pain in PMR

A

shoulder, neck, pelvic girdle
worse in morning
stiffness lasts 45 mins
pain disrupts sleep
pain somewhat eases with activity

76
Q

PMR mx

A

15mg prednisolone daily
follow up in 1 week

continue for 1-2 yrs then wean off in a reducing regime

77
Q

after how long does steroid dependancy occur

A

3 weeks

78
Q

GCA sx

A

unilateral headache
around temple and forehead
jaw claudication
blurred or double vision
thick and tender temporal artery

79
Q

what is seen in GCA on temporal artery biopsy

A

multinucleated giant cells

80
Q

what is seen in GCA on US

A

halo sign
stenosis of temporal artery

81
Q

GCA mx

A

steroids
40-60mg prednisolone OD if no visual sx or jaw claudication
500-1000mg methylprednisolone OD if visual sx or jaw claudication

start immediately if suspected to avoid vision loss

82
Q

key complication of GCA

A

vision loss

83
Q

complications of steroid use

A

weight gain
diabetes
osteoporosis

84
Q

skin changes in dermatomyositis

A

grotton papules
heliotrope rash affecting eyelids
periorbital oedema
photosensitive rash on back/shoulders/neck

85
Q

polymyositis and dermatomyositis main sx

A

proximal muscle weakness

86
Q

polymyositis/dermatomyositis diagnostic test

A

raised CK
anti jo1 in polymyositis

87
Q

polymyositis/dermatolyositis mx

A

corticosteroids

Zero to finals (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions