Opthal 2 Flashcards
episcleritis sx
patch of redness or diffuse redness on sclera
no pain
how to differentiate between scleritis and episcleritis
phenylphrine eye drops
they cause blanching of episcleral vessels
what systemic conditions are associated with scleritis
rheumatoid arthritis
granulomatosis with polyangiitis
scleritis mx
urgent referral to specialist
nsaids, steroids, immunosupression may be used
what organism are corneal abrasions associated with contact lenses
pseudomonas
what is used to diagnose corneal abraisons and what happens
fluorescein stain
yellow/orange colour collects at the abraison
corneal abraison mx
usually heal by themselves in 2-3 days if mild
may involve lubricating eye drops, analgesia, removing foreign bodies etc
what is keratitis
inflammation of the cornea
what organism causes keratitis most commonly
herpes simplex virus
how is herpes keratitis diagnosed
fluorescein staining shows a dendritic ulcer on slit lamp examination
herpes keratitis mx
urgent opthal referral
topical or oral antivirals
corneal transplant may be needed for permanent scarring/vision loss
subconjunctival haemorrhage sx
patch of bright red blood covering white of eye
painless, vision not affected
subconjunctival haemorrhage mx
self resolving
posterior vitreous detachment sx
flashes
floaters
blurred vision
posterior vitreous detachment mx
self resolving
refer to rule out retinal detachment or tear
retinal detachment sx
peripheral vision loss- painless, sudden, like a curtain coming down across the vision
blurred vision
flashes/ floaters
retinal detachment mx
its sight threatening so immediate review needed
vitrectomy
scleral buckling
pneumatic retinopexy
retinal vein occlusion sx
painless blurred vision
vision loss
what is seen on fundoscopy in retinal vein occlusion
dilated retinal veins
flame and blot haemorrhages
retinal oedema
cotton wool spots
hard exudates
retinal vein occlusion mx
refer to opthal immediately
mx is aimed at lowering macular oedema to prevent neovascularisation with anti VEGF, dexamethasone, laser photocoagulation
what causes central retinal artery occulsion
atherosclerosis mainly
can be due to GCA
central retinal artery occulsion sx
sudden painless vision loss- like a curtain coming down
relative afferent pupillary defect
what is amaurosis fugax
a temporary loss of vision caused by interruption to blood supply
central retinal artery occlusion mx
urgent referral to opthalmology
if GCA give steroids
otherwise management is aimed at dilating the artery and reducing intraocular pressure
what is retinitis pigmentosa
a genetic condition where there is degeneration of photoreceptors in the retina especially rods
retinitis pigmentosa sx
night blindness
peripheral vision loss
what does retinitis pigmentosa look like on fundoscopy
pigmentation of the retina- looks black and spiky around the peripheries
