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Zero to finals > Resp > Flashcards

Resp Flashcards

1
Q

salmeterol is

A

LABA

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2
Q

ipratropium is a

A

SAMA

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3
Q

3 types of non small cell lung cancers

A

adenocarcinoma
squamous cell carcinoma
large cell carcinoma

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4
Q

latent period in mesothelioma

A

45 years

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5
Q

lung cancer extrapulmonary manifestations

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy
phrenic nerve palsy
superior vena cava obstruction
horners syndrome
SIADH
cushings syndrome
hypercalcaemia
lambert eaton myasthenic syndrome

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6
Q

sign for superior vena cava obstruction and how it is done

A

pembertons sign
raising hands over your head causes facial congestion and cyanosis

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7
Q

what tumor causes horners syndrome and what does it press on

A

pancoast tumor pressing on the sympathetic ganglion

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8
Q

lambert eaton myasthenic syndrome pathophysiology

A

antibodies against small cell lung cancer cells cause sx of:
proximal muscle weakness
diplopia
ptosis
slurred speech
dysphagia
autonomic dysfunction

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9
Q

non small cell lung cancer mx

A

surgery if isolated to one area
radiotherapy
chemotherapy

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10
Q

small cell lung cancer mx

A

chemotherapy and radiotherapy

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11
Q

what type of surgery is done for lung cancer

A

thoracotomy
VATs- keyhole

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12
Q

what does a thoracotomy scar suggest

A

lobectomy
pnuemonoectomy

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13
Q

what is a pneumonectomy

A

removal of an entire lung

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14
Q

HAP is classified as how many hrs post admission

A

48

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15
Q

what bacteria is aspiration pneumonia associated with

A

anaerobic bacteria

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16
Q

urea in CURB65

A

above 7

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17
Q

resp rate in CURB65

A

30 bpm or above

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18
Q

BP in CURB65

A

less than 90 systolic
60 or lower diastolic

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19
Q

age in CURB65

A

65 or older

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20
Q

CURB65 scores and mx

A

0-1= treat at home
2 or above= consider hospital admission
3 or above= consider intensive care

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21
Q

what abx are used in atypical pneumonia

A

macrolides
fluoroquinolones
tetracyclines

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22
Q

atypical pneumonia does not respond to

A

amoxicillin

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23
Q

coxiella burnetti/ q fever pneumonia is associated with

A

farmers

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24
Q

CAP duration of abx

A

5 days

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25
Q

pneumonia complications

A

sepsis
ARDs
pleural effusion
empyema
lung abscess

26
Q

bicarbonate level in chronic co2 retainers

A

high

27
Q

hyperventilation causes was resp imbalance

A

alkalosis

28
Q

raised aldosterone causes what on blood gas

A

metabolic alkalosis
H+ is secreted

29
Q

resp system support from least to most invasive

A

oxygen therapy
high flow nasal cannula
NIV
intubation and mechanical ventilation
ECMO

30
Q

different methods of oxygen therapy

A

nasal cannula
simple face mask
venturi mask
non rebreather mask

31
Q

what is used to connect lungs to ventilator in mechanical ventilation

A

endotracheal tube
tracheostomy

32
Q

what does low FVC and low FEV1:FVC indicate?

A

combination of restrictive and obstructive lung disease

33
Q

how is peak flow measured

A

3 attempts and take the highest one

34
Q

what wheeze is heard in asthma

A

widespread polyphonic expiratory wheeze

35
Q

what is reversibility in asthma testing

A

> 12% increase in FEV1

36
Q

FeNO diagnostic of asthma

A

above 40 ppb

37
Q

peak flow variability for asthma

A

more than 20%

38
Q

how to diagnose asthma

A
  1. FeNO and spirometry with bronchodilator reversibility
  2. if uncertain after this, peak flow variability
  3. if uncertain after this direct bronchial challenge test
39
Q

LAMA example

A

tiotropium

40
Q

LABA example

A

salmeterol

41
Q

LTRA example

A

montelukast

42
Q

peak flow in moderate asthma exacerbation

A

50-75% best or predicted

43
Q

peak flow in severe asthma exacerbation

A

33-50% best or predicted

44
Q

unable to complete sentences indicates what grade asthma attack

A

severe

45
Q

peak flow in life threatening asthma

A

<33%

46
Q

features of life threatening asthma attack

A

silent chest
peak flow <33%
o2 sats <92%
tired
confused or agitated
haemodynamic instability

47
Q

severe asthma attack mx

A

oxygen therapy
nebulised salbutamol
nebulised ipatropium bromide
IV mag sulf
IV salbutamol
IV aminophylline

48
Q

how does salbutamol affect potassium levels

A

hypokalemia

49
Q

after how many attacks does someone with asthma need to be referred to a specialist

A

2 attacks in 12 months

50
Q

3 pathologies in COPD

A

airway obstruction
chronic bronchitis
emphysema

51
Q

MRC dyspnoea scale

A

1= breathless on strenuous exercise
2= breathless on uphill
3= breathless on flat
4= breathless over 100m on flat
5= cant leave house due to breathlessness

52
Q

how is severity measured in COPD

A

FEV1

stage 1= >90% predicted
stage 2= 50-79% predicted
stage 3= 30-49% predicted
stage 4= <30% predicted

53
Q

COPD initial medical management

A

SABA and SAMA

54
Q

second line COPD mx no asthma features

A

LABA and LAMA

55
Q

second line COPD mx with asthma features

A

LABA and ICS

56
Q

what is carbocistine

A

mucolytic agent

57
Q

what should be monitored in COPD patients taking prophylactic abx

A

ECG
liver function

58
Q

cor pulmonale pathophysiology

A

pulmonary hypertension causes RV to pump less blood

this causes back pressure into the right atrium, then vena cava then the systemic venous system

59
Q

what is cor pulmonale causes by

A

respiratory disease

60
Q

what murmur can you get in cor pulmonale

A

tricuspid regurgitation

61
Q

contraindications to NIV

A

untreated pneumothorax
any structural abnormality affecting the face, airway or GI tract

62
Q
A

Zero to finals (11 decks)

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