Haem 2 Flashcards
lugano stage 1
lymohoma confined to one group of nodes
lugano stage 2
lymphoma in more than one group of nodes on the same side of the diaphragm
lugano stage 3
lymphoma on both sides of the diaphragm
lugano stage 4
non lymphatic organs involved
what system is used to stage lymphomas
lugano
what cell does myeloma affect
plasma cells- these are b cells that produce antibodies
what type of anaemia do you get in multiple myeloma
normocytic normochromic
ix done in multiple myeloma
serum protein electrophoresis
serum free light chain assay
urine protein electrophoresis
bone marrow biopsy
full body MRI
what ix confirms diagnosis of multiple myeloma
bone marrow biopsy
x ray findings in multiple myeloma
lytic lesions
osteopenia
abnormal fractures
mx multiple myeloma
chemotherapy
stem cell transplant
what cells proliferate in primary myelofibrosis
haematopoietic stem cells
what is extramedullary haematopoiesis
when RBCs are produced outside the bone marrow (may be due to fibrosis)
leads to hepato/splenomegaly, spinal cord compression
what does blood film in myelofibrosis show
tear drop poikilocytes
blasts
what platelet lowering agent may be used in essential thrombocythaemia
anagrelide
what blood thinner is used in polycythaemia vera or essential thrombocythaemia
aspirin
what cancer can myeloproliferative disorders transform into
AML
what vitamin deficiencies can cause low platelet levels
b12 and folate
differentials for prolonged bleeding
thrombocytopenia
von willebrand disease
haemophilia a and b
DIC
what does rituximab target
cd20 proteins on b cells
what monoclonal antibody often reduces b cell production
rituximab
what is the role of ADAMTS13
reduce von willebrand factor
reduce platelet adhesion
reduce clot formation in general
what anticoagulation drug can induce thrombocytopenia and how
heparin- targets platelet factor 4
role of von willebrand factor
platelet adhesion and aggregation
type of VWD
type 1= partial deficiency
type 2= reduced function
type 3= complete deficiency
how can heavy bleeding in VWD be managed
desmopressin
tranexamic acid
VWF/ platelet VIII infusion
mefenamic acid/ COCP/ mirena/ hysterectomy for heavy menstrual bleeding
what difference is calf size is significant for a DVT
> 3cm
if an ultrasound for suspected DVT is negative but d dimer is raised and wells score suggests likely DVT, when should the ultrasound be repeated
6-8 days
what is used for anticoagulation in a DVT in someone with antiphospholipid syndrome
LMWH then warfarin
what is used for anticoagulation in a DVT in someone with severe renal impairment
LMWH then warfarin
warfarin moa
vitamin K antagonist
what is budd chiari syndrome
a blood clot in the hepatic vein
budd chiari syndrome triad
abdominal pain
hepatomegaly
ascites
imaging for budd chiari
ultrasound
