Haem 2

Question 1

lugano stage 1

Answer 1

lymohoma confined to one group of nodes

Question 2

lugano stage 2

Answer 2

lymphoma in more than one group of nodes on the same side of the diaphragm

Question 3

lugano stage 3

Answer 3

lymphoma on both sides of the diaphragm

Question 4

lugano stage 4

Answer 4

non lymphatic organs involved

Question 5

what system is used to stage lymphomas

Answer 5

lugano

Question 6

what cell does myeloma affect

Answer 6

plasma cells- these are b cells that produce antibodies

Question 7

what type of anaemia do you get in multiple myeloma

Answer 7

normocytic normochromic

Question 8

ix done in multiple myeloma

Answer 8

serum protein electrophoresis
serum free light chain assay
urine protein electrophoresis
bone marrow biopsy
full body MRI

Question 9

what ix confirms diagnosis of multiple myeloma

Answer 9

bone marrow biopsy

Question 10

x ray findings in multiple myeloma

Answer 10

lytic lesions
osteopenia
abnormal fractures

Question 11

mx multiple myeloma

Answer 11

chemotherapy
stem cell transplant

Question 12

what cells proliferate in primary myelofibrosis

Answer 12

haematopoietic stem cells

Question 13

what is extramedullary haematopoiesis

Answer 13

when RBCs are produced outside the bone marrow (may be due to fibrosis)

leads to hepato/splenomegaly, spinal cord compression

Question 14

what does blood film in myelofibrosis show

Answer 14

tear drop poikilocytes
blasts

Question 15

what platelet lowering agent may be used in essential thrombocythaemia

Answer 15

anagrelide

Question 16

what blood thinner is used in polycythaemia vera or essential thrombocythaemia

Answer 16

aspirin

Question 17

what cancer can myeloproliferative disorders transform into

Answer 17

AML

Question 18

what vitamin deficiencies can cause low platelet levels

Answer 18

b12 and folate

Question 19

differentials for prolonged bleeding

Answer 19

thrombocytopenia
von willebrand disease
haemophilia a and b
DIC

Question 20

what does rituximab target

Answer 20

cd20 proteins on b cells

Question 21

what monoclonal antibody often reduces b cell production

Answer 21

rituximab

Question 22

what is the role of ADAMTS13

Answer 22

reduce von willebrand factor
reduce platelet adhesion
reduce clot formation in general

Question 23

what anticoagulation drug can induce thrombocytopenia and how

Answer 23

heparin- targets platelet factor 4

Question 24

role of von willebrand factor

Answer 24

platelet adhesion and aggregation

Question 25

type of VWD

Answer 25

type 1= partial deficiency
type 2= reduced function
type 3= complete deficiency

Question 26

how can heavy bleeding in VWD be managed

Answer 26

desmopressin
tranexamic acid
VWF/ platelet VIII infusion
mefenamic acid/ COCP/ mirena/ hysterectomy for heavy menstrual bleeding

Question 27

what difference is calf size is significant for a DVT

Answer 27

> 3cm

Question 28

if an ultrasound for suspected DVT is negative but d dimer is raised and wells score suggests likely DVT, when should the ultrasound be repeated

Answer 28

6-8 days

Question 29

what is used for anticoagulation in a DVT in someone with antiphospholipid syndrome

Answer 29

LMWH then warfarin

Question 30

what is used for anticoagulation in a DVT in someone with severe renal impairment

Answer 30

LMWH then warfarin

Question 31

warfarin moa

Answer 31

vitamin K antagonist

Question 32

what is budd chiari syndrome

Answer 32

a blood clot in the hepatic vein

Question 33

budd chiari syndrome triad

Answer 33

abdominal pain
hepatomegaly
ascites

Question 34

imaging for budd chiari

Answer 34

ultrasound