Review Vocab

Question 1

Cholesterol

Answer 1

It restricts the movement of phospholipid molecules by reducing the fluidity and permeability of the membrane

Question 2

Membrane protein functions

Answer 2

1. Hormone receptors
2. Electron transport
3. Pumps for active transport
4. Cell-to-cell adhésion
5. Neurotransmitter receptors
6. Channels for facilitated diffusion
7. Identification (glycoproteins)

Question 3

Anabolism

Answer 3

The synthesis of complex molecules from simpler molecules (monomers to polymers)

Question 4

Catabolism

Answer 4

The breakdown of complex molecules into simpler molecules (polymers to monomers)

Question 5

Enzyme for lipids

Answer 5

Lipase

Question 6

Enzyme for proteins

Answer 6

Did

Question 7

Enzyme for starch

Answer 7

Amylase

Question 8

Longitudinal muscle

Answer 8

Inside of small intestine; moves food along the gut

Question 9

Circular muscle

Answer 9

Outside of small intestine; prevents food from moving backwards

Question 10

Lacteal

Answer 10

A branch of the lymphatic system located in the center of villi

Question 11

Simple diffusion

Answer 11

Nutrients pass down the concentration gradient between phospholipids in the membrane

Question 12

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 12

Nutrients pass down the concentration gradient through specific channel proteins in the membrane

Question 13

Active transport

Answer 13

Nutrients are pumped through the membrane against the concentration gradient by specific pump proteins

Question 14

Endocytosis

Answer 14

Small droplets of fluid are passed through the membrane by way of vesicles

Question 15

Phagocytes

Answer 15

Ingest pathogens by endocytosis (non-specific immunity)

Question 16

Lymphocytes

Answer 16

Make antibodies (active immunity)

Question 17

Antigen

Answer 17

A foreign body that stimulates the production of antibodies

Question 18

Insulin

Answer 18

Secreted in response to high blood glucose levels: stimulates the liver to absorb glucose and convert it to glycogen

Question 19

Glucagon

Answer 19

Secreted in response to high blood glucose levels: stimulates liver cells to break down glycogen into glucose

Question 20

Type 1 diabetes

Answer 20

Childhood onset; injections needed because the amount of insulin secreted is insufficient

Question 21

Type 2 diabetes

Answer 21

Adulthood onset; low carb diet controls the condition because target cells are insensitive to insulin

Question 22

Ovary

Answer 22

Produces eggs, estrogen and progesterone

Question 23

Cell respiration

Answer 23

The production of ATP using energy released by the oxidation of glucose, fat or other substrates

Question 24

Oxidation

Answer 24

Removal of hydrogen

Question 25

Decarboxylation

Answer 25

Removal of carbon dioxide

Question 26

Cristae

Answer 26

Finger-like projections that increase surface area for oxidative phosphorylation

Question 27

Hypertonic

Answer 27

A higher solute concentration then normal body fluids

Question 28

Hypotonic

Answer 28

A lower solute concentration than normal body fluids