Plant Structure Flashcards
Vascular bundle
part of the transport system in vascular plants consisting of xylem, phloem and supporting tissues
Meristems
A region of undifferentiated tissue found in root and shoot tips where primary growth occurs
Hormone
Any chemical messenger that is transported to target cells for regulation
Primary Growth
Growth in length, occurs at apical meristems
What controls flowering?
Photoperiodism: night length
Transpiration
the loss of water vapor form the leaves and stems of plants
Auxins
Hormones that regulate plant primary growth and phototropism
Phytochrome red in summer
low
Classification System
Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
Phytochrome red in winter
High
Domains
Bacteria
Archaea
Eukaryotes
Adhesion
Sticking to other things due to water’s polar nature
Species
A group of organisms which can interbreed and produce fertile offspring
Subspecies
Smaller taxonomic group, but may interbreed at species level
Bryophyta
No true roots (only rhyzoids) and spores are released from sporangia for reproduction Ex. Moss
Filicinophyta
Have fronds, spores from sporangia and stem curled as fiddleheads Ex. Ferns
Coniferophyta
Woody stem and needles, female cone has seed Ex. Blue spruce and firs
Angiospermophyta
Flowers Ex. Orchids and grass
H2O Molecule
Partially negative oxygen, partially positive hydrogen
Transpiration Stream
Due to adhesion and cohesion, a tree is able to move water up the trunk and stem of plants
Factors that affect transpiration
Light - increase
High temp - increase
Wind - increase
Humidity - decrease
C4 Plants
Take in CO2, uses enzymes to make 4 carbon compound and stores it in bundle sheath cells
Adaptations of halophytic plants
(adapted to saline soils) reduced leaves, active transport of salt to leaves (succulent)
Adaptations of xerophytes
reduced leaves, thick stems, rolled leaves, thick cuticle, stomata in pits
CAM Plants
Open stomata at night, creates malic acid, takes CO2 out of malic acid and uses it in Calvin cycle
Cohesion
Water sticking to itself due to hydrogen bonding
Cell turgor
Pressure exerted by fluid in a cell that presses the cell membrane against the cell wall
Abscisic acid
Hormone that results in stomata closing
