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Biology > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

tendons

A

link muscle to bone

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2
Q

ligaments

A

link bone to bone

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3
Q

antagonistic muscles

A

one muscle contracts while the other relaxes

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4
Q

cartilage

A

prevents friction by providing a tough, smooth barrier

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5
Q

synovial fluid

A

lubricates joint

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6
Q

joint capsule

A

seals joint and holds in synovial fluid

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7
Q

protein

A

amino acid; peptide bond

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8
Q

carbohydrate

A

monosaccharide; glycosidic linkage

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9
Q

lipids

A

glycerol and 3 fatty acids; esther bond

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10
Q

digestion

A

breaking down food into smaller nutrients

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11
Q

absorption

A

the uptake of smaller nutrients by an organism’s body

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12
Q

assimilation

A

conversion of small nutrients into biological tissue

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13
Q

exocrine glands

A

a gland that releases its contents into a duct or the surface of the body

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14
Q

leptin

A

protein hormone secreted by adipose cells that reduces appetite by signaling hypothalamus

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15
Q

glandular tissue

A

secreted by exocrine glands

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16
Q

exocytosis

A

out of cell by active transport into lymphatic vessel

17
Q

osmoregulation

A

regulation of solute concentrations and water balance by a cell or organism

18
Q

excretion

A

removal of waste products from the body due to metabolic activities

19
Q

ammonia

A

aquatic species: highly toxic and uses a lot of water

20
Q

urea

A

mammals, amphibians and sharks: produced in liver and combines ammonia with CO2

21
Q

uric acid

A

insects, reptiles and birds: conserves water and is excreted as a white paste

22
Q

renal artery delivers

A

toxins, urea, salt, water, oxygen

23
Q

nephron

A

cleans blood of nitrogenous waste and regulates water

24
Q

ultrafiltration

A

a big blood tube coming in and a little blood tube going out creates pressure that pushes fluid out of the glomerulus (nondiscriminatory)

25
Q

selective reabsorption

A

reclamation of substances in filtrate

26
Q

meiosis

A

cell division resulting in 4 (male) or 1 (female) haploid gametes

27
Q

spermatogenesis

A

the process by which male gametes (sperm) are created

28
Q

oogenesis

A

the process by which the female gamete (ovum or egg) are created

29
Q

leydig cells

A

interstitial cells that produce testosterone

30
Q

sertoli cells

A

nourish developing sperm

Biology (12 decks)

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