Review Questions Flashcards
Name 2 phyla of gymnosperms.
Ginkophyta, Cycadophyta, Gnetophyta and Coniferophyta
Describe and name the four fruit types
simple – possess one ovary, aggregate – one flower several seeds, multiple – several flowers fused together to make one fruit, dry – grains and nuts
Name three adaptations gymnosperms have developed for living in drier and cooler environments
reduced gametophyte generation, reduced size of leaves, thick/waxy cuticle, thick bark and cones for reproduction
Of the six major phyla of fungi, which phylum produces small, dust-like spores called conidia?
Ascomycota
Fungi have cell walls composed of _________.
chitin
Fungi excrete _________ onto dead material in order to begin ingestion
exoenzymes
True or False. Gametophytes are the dominant generation and sporophytes remain a single cell in angiosperms
False
Certain Lycophytes are air plants. What are these air plants called?
epiphytes
Fossil fuels are an important area of our economy and affect how the majority of our economics waver. These fossil fuels were once what made up the “first real forests”. What phylum are these sources from?
Lycophyta
What does it mean that seeds are naked?
the seeds are not enclosed and protected in fruits
Name the three phylum of Bryophytes.
Bryophyta, Hepatophyta (Liverworts) and Anthocerophyta (Hornworts)
How do Bryophyte’s sexual and asexual reproduction differ?
asexual reproduction doesn’t require water to be present
Common Pteridophytes are ferns. They have an underground stem called a rhizome and underdeveloped leaves called fiddleheads. These fiddleheads mature late into _________.
fronds
What are the three types of seed dispersal when it comes to angiosperms?
kites, burrs and edible
What is the name of the green, protective leaves of a plant and are they reproductive in nature?
sepals – no they are not reproductive, they help form the protective bud
True or False. A larger Bryophyte produces larger seeds.
False…Bryophytes are all small and don’t produce seeds
Why is the gametophyte generation dominant in Bryophytes?
because of the presence and availability of water in the environment
What are the megaphylls on ferns called and what do they develop from?
fronds develop from fiddleheads
What are the megaphylls on ferns called and what do they develop from?
fronds develop from fiddleheads
How many phyla do gymnosperms consist of?
4
__________ is a fungus that covers the root surface of a plant and increases the surface area for water uptake by the plants.
ectomycorrhizae
What type of Pteridophytes formed the first real forests?
Lycophytes
Name ONE of the four phyla of the Gymnosperms.
Ginkophyta, Gnetophyta, Cycadophyta or Coniferophyta
In Bryophytes, why can the plant only be a couple of cells wide/thick?
because there is no vascular tissue present and they rely on diffusion and osmosis for water and nutrient transport
What differentiates a male and female coniferophyta?
Male long, narrow and yellow cones; female large, wide and green cones when unfertilized and brown when fertilized.
Which one of these is not one of the Bryophyte phyla?
Lychophyta, Bryophyta, Anthocerophyta or Hepatophyta
Lychophyta
How many different phyla of Pteridophytes exist? What are they?
2, Lycophytes and Pterophytes
How many flower parts do monocots have?
monocots have flower parts that occur in multiples of threes
What are the components of the site of the female sporophyll of an angiosperm?
stigma, style and ovary
What is the common name of Hepatophyta?
Liverworts
What are three adaptations for drier and cooler environments of gymnosperms?
reduced gametophyte generation, reduced size of leaves, waxy cuticle, evergreens, bark and cones
Why do some plants have seedless fruit?
hormonal trickery
What traits do hornworts share with algae ancestors?
a single, large chloroplast
What is the difference between green fruits and colored fruits?
green fruits are not ripe, are hard, unscented and often sour
True of False. Fungi are mostly autotrophs.
False, they are mostly heterotrophs, but in appearance do look like plants
The first vascular plants (pteridophytes) moved farther inland to avoid competition with bryophytes. What two carbohydrates did these plats start producing that allowed them to live in a drier environment?
Lignin and Pectin
What are Ephedra and Welwitschia?
extreme desert plants; ephedra becomes tumbleweeds when they die and Welwitschia have the largest leaves of all plants.
Which generation is the dominant generation of Pteridophytes?
sporophyte generation
