Mini test 2 study guide (part 2)

Question 1

What are some adaptations for living in a drier and cooler environment?

Answer 1

A reduced gametophyte generation (a single cell)
Reduced size of leaves
Thick, waxy cuticle on leaves
The leaves remain all year
Thick bark for protection
Cones for reproduction

Question 2

What is a conifer?

Answer 2

Gymnosperms (“Naked seed plants”) that produce cones.

Question 3

What are the 4 phyla of gymnosperms that live today?

Answer 3

Ginkophyta, Cycadophyta, Gnetophyta, Coniferophyta

Question 4

What are the 4 phyla of gymnosperms that live today?

Answer 4

Ginkophyta, Cycadophyta, Gnetophyta, Coniferophyta

Question 5

only one species still exist called the Ginko biloba. They have characteristic fan-shaped leaves.

Answer 5

Ginkophyta

Question 6

they possess a large cone in the center of palm like leaves (similar to fronds) and are mainly used as yard ornamentation.

Answer 6

Cycadophyta

Question 7

extreme desert plants. Ex: Welwitschia - among largest leaves of all plants (grow in Africa). Ephedra - produce ephedrine (used for diet pills). They become tumble weeds when they die for the scattering of seeds.

Answer 7

Gnetophyta

Question 8

they produce 2 types of cones: male cones that are long, narrow, and yellow and female cones that are large and wide (if green they are unfertilized and if they are brown they are fertilized). They have evergreen needle leaves. These leaves are very thin to reduce water loss and have a very thick, sticky cuticle on the leaves. They produce thick, sticky sap to keep animals from eating them.

Answer 8

Coniferophyta

Question 9

What are some adaptations that allowed angiosperms to survive in a new and wetter environment?

Answer 9

Xylem tissues that allowed them to transport more water to their leaves.
Larger leaves that allowed them to perform more photosynthesis.
Flowers which attracted pollinators.
Fruit which promoted seed dispersal.
Double fertilization

Question 10

Describe the main components of a flower.

Answer 10

Sepals - green protective leaves that form the bud. They are non-reproductive
Petals - colored attractant leaves. They are fragrant and non-reproductive.
Stamen - the male sporophyll. The site of pollen grains and it is reproductive
Anther - contains the yellow pollen grains
Filament - a support stalk
Carpel/Pistil - female sporophyll and it is reproductive
Stigma - sticky top
Style - the neck
Ovary - contains ovules and eggs

Question 11

green protective leaves that form the bud. They are non-reproductive

Answer 11

Sepals

Question 12

colored attractant leaves. They are fragrant and non-reproductive.

Answer 12

Petals

Question 13

the male sporophyll. The site of pollen grains and it is reproductive

Answer 13

Stamen

Question 14

contains the yellow pollen grains in the male sporophyll

Answer 14

Anther

Question 15

a support stalk in the male sporophyll

Answer 15

filament

Question 16

female sporophyll and it is reproductive

Answer 16

Carpel/Pistil

Question 17

sticky top of the carpel

Answer 17

stigma

Question 18

the neck of the carpel

Answer 18

style

Question 19

contains ovules and eggs in the carpel

Answer 19

ovary

Question 20

What is a fruit? What is a pericarp?

Answer 20

A fruit is a ripened ovary. They developed to promote seed dispersal.
Pericarp - the skin of the carpel/fruit

Question 21

Describe the basic structures seeds use to increase dispersal?

Answer 21

Kites - they get carried by the wind (ex: dandelions)
Burrs - carried by the fur of animals (ex: chestnut)
Edible - eaten by an animal and the seed will be deposited with fertilizer in a new area

Question 22

they get carried by the wind (ex: dandelions)

Answer 22

kites

Question 23

carried by the fur of animals (ex: chestnut)

Answer 23

burrs

Question 24

eaten by an animal and the seed will be deposited with fertilizer in a new area

Answer 24

edible

Question 25

Describe the basic fruit types.

Answer 25

Simple - have one ovary and will have one seed (ex: peach)
Aggregate - one flower with several carpel. It will have several seeds (ex: blackberry)
Multiple - several flowers that produce 1 fruit (ex: pineapple)
Dry - grains and nuts

Question 26

have one ovary and will have one seed (ex: peach)

Answer 26

simple

Question 27

one flower with several carpel. It will have several seeds (ex: blackberry)

Answer 27

aggregate

Question 28

several flowers that produce 1 fruit (ex: pineapple)

Answer 28

multiple

Question 29

grains and nuts

Answer 29

dry

Question 30

What is double fertilization?

Answer 30

Zygote and endosperm food will be made. A pollen tube is created by one sperm. The other two enter through the micropyle (small pore). One sperm fertilizes the egg and the other fertilizes the polar nuclei.

Question 31

has 1 cotyledon (embryonic leaf)

Answer 31

monocot

Question 32

has 2 cotyledons (embryonic leaves)

Answer 32

dicot

Question 33

What are the main types of angiosperms?

Answer 33

Basal Angiosperms - the oldest species and they don’t have xylem
Magnoliids - transitional species mainly. They are evergreens but they make flowers.
Monocots
Eudicots (“true dicots”)

Question 34

the oldest species and they don’t have xylem

Answer 34

Basal Angiosperms

Question 35

transitional species mainly. They are evergreens but they make flowers.

Answer 35

Magnoliids

Question 36

Describe the importance of angiosperms.

Answer 36

They are sources of food and medicine and they can be used for perfumes and decorations.