Circulatory and Respiratory Systems (8.11) – Part 1 and Part 2 Flashcards
Responsible for connecting all the cells of the whole organism. It distributes nutrients, oxygen, hormones, and functions in waste retrieval.
Circulatory System
Evolution of the Circulatory system:
It started with a _________ Cavity. (As seen in Cnidarians and Platyhelminthes.)
Gastrovascular
Blood bathes the organs by moving through sinuses (spaces).
The system has a tubular heart with directional arteries to distribute blood.
Seen in Arthropods and some Mollusks.
Open Circulatory System
Blood is confined to traveling through blood vessels under pressure.
A muscular chambered heart mostly (Not in annelids.)(2,3,4 chambers)
Found in Annelids, some mollusks, vertebrates
Closed Circulatory System
These chambers receive blood coming into the heart.
They are composed of a thin layer muscle tissue.
Atriums
These chambers pump blood away from the heart.
They are composed of a thick layer of muscle tissue.
Ventricles
Mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians have a ______ _____ system.
One loop for getting oxygen; one loop for delivering oxygen.
Double loop
_____ vascular system (Echinodermata) (Madreporite, Tube feet, canals are the parts.)
Water
These are large blood vessels carrying blood away from the heart.
Arteries
These are medium sized vessels carrying blood away from the heart.
Arterioles
These are the smallest blood vessels where nutrients and oxygen diffuse out.
Capillaries
These are small blood vessels that collect waste materials from the tissues.
Venules
These are large blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart.
Veins
The blood mainly is in the digestive organs.
During Digestion of Food
The blood is mostly in the muscles and skin; not the digestive organs.
During Exercise
These are red blood cells-RBC’s (“erythro” means “red”; “cyte” means “cell”)
Erythrocytes
______ uses iron (Fe) to hold oxygen. (“heme” means “iron”)
Each RBC can hold 1 billion oxygen molecules.
Hemoglobin
These are white blood cells – WBC’s (“leuko” means “white”)
They protect our bodies against invading organisms or materials.
Leukocytes
These are pieces of RBC’s used for making clots.
Platelets
These are for gas exchange with the environment.
Respiratory Systems
(Oxygen in and Carbon dioxide out.)
Oxygen is need for cellular respiration; Carbon dioxide is the waste product of cellular respiration.
Gas Exchange
This term refers to where the oxygen molecules are located. It is either water or air.
Respiratory Medium
This term refers to where the gas exchange occurs.
Respiratory Surface
Diffusion must occur across a ______ surface. Gases do not diffuse across dry surfaces.
wet
A large surface area is needed to get large amounts of gas exchange to occur. ______ in the surface increases surface area within a small space.
Folds
Gills, Lungs, Tracheal tubes, Skin, membranes are all ________ surfaces.
respiratory
Works with the circulatory system ( That is why they are always located together.)
Respiratory system
Mammalian Respiratory system is located in the ________ Cavity (Chest)
Thoracic
These cavities warm, moisten, and clean the air using mucous and hairs.
Nostrils and Naval Cavity
This is the back of mouth
Pharynx
This is the top of trachea
Larynx
This muscular flap covers the trachea by bending over the opening.
Epiglottis
These vibrate to make sounds. (You can only talk while
exhaling because the moving air is causing the vibration by “catching” the wind, much like a parachute catches air.)
True and False Vocal Cords
A.K.A. windpipe) It is protected by C- shaped cartilage rods on the front side.
Trachea
(There is one for each lung.) Cartilage keeps them open for air to travel through.
Bronchi
These carry air into each lobe of each lung.
Bronchioles
This is an inflammation of the air ways.
Bronchitis
This condition is having trouble breathing due to airways swelling shut.
Asthma
means “air sacs” This is the site of gas exchange by diffusion. (If it is a wet surface.) They are only one cell layer thick which allows for rapid diffusion of gases. They are surrounded by capillary beds. (This makes it 2 cell layers thick. It leads to rapid diffusion in and out.) WBCs that keep these areas clean. (Smoking? Kills the WBCs.)
Alveoli
