Review: Lectures 18-20 (4-6) Flashcards
Thomas Edison
Inventor of phonograph, practical electric light bulb and motion picture.
Nicholas Tesla
Inventor, electrical engineer, and futurist. Pioneer of AC current.
War of the Currents
Competition between Edison’s DC and Tesla’s AC power systems.
George Westinghouse
Industrialist and inventor, key player in AC electricity distribution.
Alexander Graham Bell
Inventor of the telephone and aeronautical engineer. Deaf education advocate.
Great Migration
Movement of millions of African Americans from South to North.
Tenements
Crowded, multi-family urban housing, often unsanitary and unsafe conditions.
Triangle Shirtwaist Fire
Deadly industrial fire in 1911 that led to workplace safety reforms.
Tammany Hall
Democratic political organization that controlled New York City politics.
The Jungle
Novel by Upton Sinclair that exposed the meatpacking industry’s horrors.
Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)
US law prohibiting sale of adulterated or mislabeled food/drugs.
Jane Addams
Social reformer, founder of Hull House, Nobel Peace Prize recipient.
Settlement movement
Progressive social movement, focused on urban poverty and inequality.
Philanthropy
The act of donating time, money or resources for charity.
Mann Act
The act of donating time, money or resources for charity.
Populism
Political philosophy that supports the rights of ordinary people.
Progressivism
Political and social movement, for reforms and social justice.
Civil Service Commission (1882)
A government agency, established to regulate and improve federal civil service.
Patronage
Awarding government jobs to supporters of elected officials.
Sherman Anti-Trust Act
US law prohibiting monopolies and anti-competitive business practices.
Trust
Legal arrangement where control of assets is held by trustees.
People’s Party
US political party, also known as the Populist Party.
Farmer’s Alliance
US political movement, advocating for rural interests and communities
Coxey’s Army
Group of unemployed men, who marched to Washington, D.C. for jobs.
Inflation
The general increase in prices of goods and services over time.
Tom Watson
US politician, Populist Party leader, and agrarian activist.
poll taxes
Taxes levied as a prerequisite to vote, often used to disenfranchise.
literacy tests
Tests administered to voters, often used to disenfranchise minorities.
electoral ‘fusion’
Practice of endorsing a candidate across multiple political parties.
17th amendment
US constitutional amendment, providing for the direct election of senators.
Plessy v. Ferguson
1896 Supreme Court case, establishing “separate but equal” doctrine.
Jim Crow laws
State and local laws enforcing racial segregation in the US.
W.E.B. Dubois
African American scholar, activist, and co-founder of the NAACP.
Teddy Roosevelt
26th President of the United States, known for conservation and progressivism.
The Great White Fleet
US naval fleet, sent on a world tour by President Roosevelt.
Woodrow Wilson
28th President of the United States, led during World War I.
Federal Reserve Act
US law creating a central banking system, the Federal Reserve.
Income Tax
Tax is provided on personal income, and used to fund government programs.
16th amendment
US constitutional amendment, authorizing a federal income tax
Federal Trade Commission
Independent US federal agency, promoting consumer protection and competition.
Industrial Workers of the World
US labor union, advocating for revolutionary industrial unionism.
Commodore Perry
US labor union, advocating for revolutionary industrial unionism.
Alfred T. Mahan
US naval officer, strategist, and author of “The Influence of Sea Power upon History”.
Spanish American War
Conflict between the US and Spain, resulting in US acquisition of territories.
Jose Marti
Cuban poet, journalist, and revolutionary leader.
U.S.S. Maine
US naval ship, which sank in Havana harbor, leading to Spanish-American War.
Emilio Aguinaldo
Filipino revolutionary leader, who fought for Philippine independence.
Platt Amendment
US law, giving control over Cuban affairs to the US government.
Triple Entente
Military alliance between Great Britain, France, and Russia before WWI.
Triple Alliance
Military alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy before WWI.
‘Black Jack’ Pershing
US Army general, who led US forces in World War I.
War industries Board
US federal agency, coordinating US production during World War I.
War Finance Corporation
US federal agency, providing financial support to industries during WWI.
Committee on Public Information
US government agency, promoting pro-war propaganda during WWI.
14 points
A statement of principles for world peace, proposed by President Woodrow Wilson.
Balfour Declaration
Public statement issued by the British government during WWI, expressing support for a Jewish homeland in Palestine.
Espionage (1917) and Sedition Acts (1918)
Laws passed during WWI restricting speech and actions against US government.
