Biology Test 3 Flashcards
What is the structure and function of DNA
It stores instructions for making other large molecules, called proteins.
What are the nitrogen bases in DNA
Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G)
Which are purines
The purines in DNA are adenine and guanine
Which are pyrimidines
cytosine, thymine, and uracil
Why are the sequence of nitrogen bases is important
Because the sequencing of them in DNA and RNA is the way information is stored.
What are type of bonds that hold nitrogen bases together
Nitrogenous bases in nucleic acids are held together by hydrogen bonds.
Who were the scientist who discovered structure of DNA
James Watson and Francis Crick.
What is the structure and function of RNA
RNA carries genetic information that is translated by ribosomes into various proteins necessary for cellular processes.
3 types of RNA and their functions
mRNA provides a template for gene coding during protein synthesis, tRNA carries the amino acids to the ribosomes, which have to be added to the polypeptide chain, and rRNA forms ribosomes along with proteins.
What are the 2 steps of the process of protein synthesis
transcription and translation.
Transcription
in the cytoplasm in prokaryotes and in the nucleus in eukaryotes.
Translation
Translation takes place on ribosomes in the cell cytoplasm
