Chapter 10 Bio. Flashcards
Define gene.
A unit of heredity which is transferred from a parent to offspring
What is the difference between a gene and a chromosome?
Genes are segments of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that contain the code for a specific protein that functions in one or more types of cells in the body.
What plant did Gregor Mendel use for his breeding experiments?
Pea plant breeding
Define genotype:
the genetic constitution of an individual organism.
Define phenotype:
the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.
Define homozygous:
The presence of two identical alleles at a particular gene locus
Define heterozygous
having two different alleles of a particular gene or genes.
Define allele
one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome.
Define dominant
a dominant trait or gene.
Define recessive:
a trait that is expressed only when genotype is homozygous
Define Mendel’s law of independent assortment:
describes how different genes independently separate from one another when reproductive cells develop.
Define incomplete dominance:
a form of Gene interaction in which both alleles of a gene at a locus are partially expressed, often resulting in an intermediate or different phenotype.
In a species that shows incomplete dominance, how many phenotypes does it have?
two phenotypes
- Define codominance:
a type of inheritance in which two versions (alleles) of the same gene are expressed separately to yield different traits in an individual.
Which human blood type is recessive?
type O
