Chapter 10 Bio. Flashcards

1
Q

Define gene.

A

A unit of heredity which is transferred from a parent to offspring

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2
Q

What is the difference between a gene and a chromosome?

A

Genes are segments of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that contain the code for a specific protein that functions in one or more types of cells in the body.

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3
Q

What plant did Gregor Mendel use for his breeding experiments?

A

Pea plant breeding

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4
Q

Define genotype:

A

the genetic constitution of an individual organism.

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5
Q

Define phenotype:

A

the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.

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6
Q

Define homozygous:

A

The presence of two identical alleles at a particular gene locus

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7
Q

Define heterozygous

A

having two different alleles of a particular gene or genes.

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8
Q

Define allele

A

one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome.

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9
Q

Define dominant

A

a dominant trait or gene.

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10
Q

Define recessive:

A

a trait that is expressed only when genotype is homozygous

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11
Q

Define Mendel’s law of independent assortment:

A

describes how different genes independently separate from one another when reproductive cells develop.

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12
Q

Define incomplete dominance:

A

a form of Gene interaction in which both alleles of a gene at a locus are partially expressed, often resulting in an intermediate or different phenotype.

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13
Q

In a species that shows incomplete dominance, how many phenotypes does it have?

A

two phenotypes

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14
Q
  1. Define codominance:
A

a type of inheritance in which two versions (alleles) of the same gene are expressed separately to yield different traits in an individual.

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15
Q

Which human blood type is recessive?

A

type O

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16
Q

How many different genotypes can give a person type B blood?

A

either BB or BO

17
Q

Define pleiotropy:

A

the production by a single gene of two or more apparently unrelated effects.

18
Q

If a gene is X-linked, on which chromosome is located?

A

the X chromosome

19
Q

From which parent does a man inherit his X chromosome?

A

The Mother

20
Q

Why are X-linked disorders more commonly seen in men?

A