HIST 1301-Exam #1 Review Flashcards
Aztec Empire
The Aztec Empire or the Triple Alliance was an alliance of three Nahua city-states: Mexico-Tenochtitlan, Tetzcoco, and Tlacopan.
Incan Empire
The Inca Empire, which flourished from approximately 1200 to 1533 AD, was the largest ancient civilization in pre-Columbian America.
Where were the mound-building tribes located?
They lived from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico and the Mississippi River to the Appalachian Mountains
How did Native Americans view Europeans?
The Europeans had a very mixed view of the Indian natives. On one hand, they were told that Indians could be gentle and receptive, helpful and eager to trade. “flesh-eating primitives,” “savage, hostile and beastlike,” and “crafty, loathsome half-men.”
Religious ceremonies of Native Americans
Death Ceremonies.
Green Corn Festivals.
Healing Rituals.
Lacrosse – Routed in Tribal Tradition.
Native American Medicine.
Peyote Worship.
Pow-Wows.
Vision Quests.
Native American view of landownership
Native Americans, did not appreciate the notion of land as a commodity, especially not in terms of individual ownership.
Native American gender relations
Traditionally, Native American two-spirit people were male, female, and sometimes intersexed individuals who combined activities of both men and women with traits unique to their status as two-spirit people
Ideas of “Christian liberty”
The treatise developed the concept that as fully forgiven children of God, Christians are no longer compelled to keep God’s law to obtain salvation; however, they freely and willingly serve God and their neighbors.
“Coverture”
protective or concealing covering.
Portuguese traders were called
The Nanban trade
African enslavement of Africans
Slavery in historical Africa was practiced in many different forms: Debt slavery, enslavement of war captives, military slavery, slavery for prostitution, and enslavement of criminals were all practiced in various parts of Africa. Slavery for domestic and court purposes was widespread throughout Africa.
Columbus’s greatest error
Understand that the world is quite big
Columbian Exchange
The Columbian exchange is a term coined by Alfred Crosby Jr. in 1972 that is traditionally defined as the transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Old World of Europe and Africa and the New World of the Americas.
Peninsulares
a Spaniard born in Spain residing in the New World, Spanish East Indies, or Spanish Guinea.
Martin Luther
Martin Luther was a German monk who forever changed Christianity when he nailed his ‘95 Theses’ to a church door in 1517, sparking the Protestant Reformation.
New Laws of 1542
The “New Laws” of 1542 were a series of laws and regulations approved by the King of Spain in November of 1542 to regulate the Spaniards who were enslaving Indigenous people in the Americas, particularly in Peru. The laws were extremely unpopular in the New World and led to a civil war in Peru.
Francisco Vasquez de Coronado
Spanish conquistador and explorer who led a large expedition from what is now Mexico to present-day Kansas through parts of the southwestern United States
Acoma
A member of a Pueblo people, the founders and inhabitants of Acoma.
Reason King Henry VIII left the Catholic Church
However, Henry formally broke with the Pope and the Roman Church after Pope Clement VII refused to grant him an annulment of his marriage to Katherine of Aragon so that he could wed Anne.
Enclosure movement
The Enclosure Movement was a push in the 18th and 19th centuries to take land that had formerly been owned in common by all members of a village, or at least available to the public for grazing animals and growing food, and change it to privately owned land, usually with walls, fences or hedges around it.
Differences between indentured servants and African slaves
Indentured servitude differed from slavery in that it was a form of debt bondage, meaning it was an agreed upon term of unpaid labor that usually paid off the costs of the servant’s immigration to America.
Recipient of profits between Native Americans and colonists
Recipient the right to settle a colony
Reason death rate was so high in Jamestown
Not long after Captain Newport left, the settlers began to succumb to a variety of diseases. They were drinking water from the salty or slimy river, which was one of several things that caused the death of many.
How did the Virginia Company reshape its colony?
It instituted the headright system, giving fifty acres of land to each colonist who paid for his own or another’s passage.
Pocahontas and Jamestown society
The English who came to Jamestown Island in 1607 resisted his wish that they become another subject community.
Virginia’s “gold”
Answer and Explanation: Instead of gold, the natural resource that became Virginia’s great source of wealth in its colonial years was tobacco.
Reason women took so long to start families in Virginia
to stop men from deserting the colony and provide stability, harmony, and a sense of community
Religious doctrine of John Calvin
He stressed the doctrine of predestination, and his interpretations of Christian teachings, known as Calvinism, are characteristic of Reformed churches.
Mayflower Compact
The Mayflower Compact was a set of rules for self-governance established by the English settlers who traveled to the New World on the Mayflower.
Puritan marriages
The Puritans married for love – there were no arranged marriages.
Reason Roger Williams established Rhode Island
Williams founded the colony of Rhode Island based upon principles of complete religious toleration, separation of church and state, and political democracy
Elements of English liberty
the right to petition and freedom of speech and debate
The House of Commons accused the king of
treason
An Act Concerning Religion in 1649
The act was meant to ensure freedom of religion for Christian settlers of diverse persuasions in the colony.
Who pushed England towards expanding territory and commercialism?
In the 1650s Oliver Cromwell.
“Mercantilism”
belief in the benefits of profitable trading; commercialism.
“Enumerated goods”
sugar, tobacco, cotton, indigo, and later rice, molasses, naval stores (tar, pitch, etc.), furs and iron.
Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina
provided the form of government and society for the Carolina colony from 1669 to 1698.
Reason William Penn obtained a colony
established Pennsylvania as a place where people could enjoy freedom of religion.
Quakers and liberty
To Quakers, liberty was a universal entitlement, not the possession of any single people—a position that would eventually make them the first group of whites to repudiate slavery.
17th century division of England
a period of huge political and social upheaval.
Difference between American slavery and African slavery
The slave population in Brazil and the West Indies had a lower proportion of female slaves, a much lower birthrate, and a higher proportion of recent arrivals from Africa.
Reason slavery developed slower in North America than West Indies
In general, the conditions of slavery in the northern colonies, where slaves were engaged more in nonagricultural pursuits
How is it known that slaves were kept for life in the 1640s?
Before being sold, the enslaved were often kept in pens or private jails, sometimes for days or weeks.
Bacon’s Rebellion caused what in Virginia
culminated in the war for independence one hundred years later.
Virginia Slave Code of 1705
The Virginia Slave Codes of 1705 (formally entitled An act concerning Servants and Slaves), were a series of laws enacted by the Colony of Virginia’s House of Burgesses in 1705 regulating the interactions between slaves and citizens of the crown colony of Virginia.
English Bill of Rights of 1689
The Bill firmly established the principles of frequent parliaments, free elections and freedom of speech within Parliament – known today as Parliamentary Privilege.
Reason witch accusations grew in Salem
claimed to be possessed by the devil and accused several local women of witchcraft.
Consumer goods by the 18th century
An increased supply of consumer goods from England that became available in the eighteenth century led to a phenomenon called the consumer revolution.
17th century laws in the Chesapeake regarding free blacks
New laws restricted slaves’ access to freedom and free blacks’ ability to vote or hold positions of power.
Walking Purchase of 1737
The Walking Purchase was a 1737 agreement between the Penn family, the original proprietors of the Province of Pennsylvania in the colonial era and the Lenape native Indians.
