HIST 1301-Exam #1 Review

Question 1

Aztec Empire

Answer 1

The Aztec Empire or the Triple Alliance was an alliance of three Nahua city-states: Mexico-Tenochtitlan, Tetzcoco, and Tlacopan.

Question 2

Incan Empire

Answer 2

The Inca Empire, which flourished from approximately 1200 to 1533 AD, was the largest ancient civilization in pre-Columbian America.

Question 3

Where were the mound-building tribes located?

Answer 3

They lived from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico and the Mississippi River to the Appalachian Mountains

Question 4

How did Native Americans view Europeans?

Answer 4

The Europeans had a very mixed view of the Indian natives. On one hand, they were told that Indians could be gentle and receptive, helpful and eager to trade. “flesh-eating primitives,” “savage, hostile and beastlike,” and “crafty, loathsome half-men.”

Question 5

Religious ceremonies of Native Americans

Answer 5

Death Ceremonies.
Green Corn Festivals.
Healing Rituals.
Lacrosse – Routed in Tribal Tradition.
Native American Medicine.
Peyote Worship.
Pow-Wows.
Vision Quests.

Question 6

Native American view of landownership

Answer 6

Native Americans, did not appreciate the notion of land as a commodity, especially not in terms of individual ownership.

Question 7

Native American gender relations

Answer 7

Traditionally, Native American two-spirit people were male, female, and sometimes intersexed individuals who combined activities of both men and women with traits unique to their status as two-spirit people

Question 8

Ideas of “Christian liberty”

Answer 8

The treatise developed the concept that as fully forgiven children of God, Christians are no longer compelled to keep God’s law to obtain salvation; however, they freely and willingly serve God and their neighbors.

Question 9

“Coverture”

Answer 9

protective or concealing covering.

Question 10

Portuguese traders were called

Answer 10

The Nanban trade

Question 11

African enslavement of Africans

Answer 11

Slavery in historical Africa was practiced in many different forms: Debt slavery, enslavement of war captives, military slavery, slavery for prostitution, and enslavement of criminals were all practiced in various parts of Africa. Slavery for domestic and court purposes was widespread throughout Africa.

Question 12

Columbus’s greatest error

Answer 12

Understand that the world is quite big

Question 13

Columbian Exchange

Answer 13

The Columbian exchange is a term coined by Alfred Crosby Jr. in 1972 that is traditionally defined as the transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Old World of Europe and Africa and the New World of the Americas.

Question 14

Peninsulares

Answer 14

a Spaniard born in Spain residing in the New World, Spanish East Indies, or Spanish Guinea.

Question 15

Martin Luther

Answer 15

Martin Luther was a German monk who forever changed Christianity when he nailed his ‘95 Theses’ to a church door in 1517, sparking the Protestant Reformation.

Question 16

New Laws of 1542

Answer 16

The “New Laws” of 1542 were a series of laws and regulations approved by the King of Spain in November of 1542 to regulate the Spaniards who were enslaving Indigenous people in the Americas, particularly in Peru. The laws were extremely unpopular in the New World and led to a civil war in Peru.

Question 17

Francisco Vasquez de Coronado

Answer 17

Spanish conquistador and explorer who led a large expedition from what is now Mexico to present-day Kansas through parts of the southwestern United States

Question 18

Acoma

Answer 18

A member of a Pueblo people, the founders and inhabitants of Acoma.

Question 19

Reason King Henry VIII left the Catholic Church

Answer 19

However, Henry formally broke with the Pope and the Roman Church after Pope Clement VII refused to grant him an annulment of his marriage to Katherine of Aragon so that he could wed Anne.

Question 20

Enclosure movement

Answer 20

The Enclosure Movement was a push in the 18th and 19th centuries to take land that had formerly been owned in common by all members of a village, or at least available to the public for grazing animals and growing food, and change it to privately owned land, usually with walls, fences or hedges around it.

Question 21

Differences between indentured servants and African slaves

Answer 21

Indentured servitude differed from slavery in that it was a form of debt bondage, meaning it was an agreed upon term of unpaid labor that usually paid off the costs of the servant’s immigration to America.

Question 22

Recipient of profits between Native Americans and colonists

Answer 22

Recipient the right to settle a colony

Question 23

Reason death rate was so high in Jamestown

Answer 23

Not long after Captain Newport left, the settlers began to succumb to a variety of diseases. They were drinking water from the salty or slimy river, which was one of several things that caused the death of many.

Question 24

How did the Virginia Company reshape its colony?

Answer 24

It instituted the headright system, giving fifty acres of land to each colonist who paid for his own or another’s passage.

Question 25

Pocahontas and Jamestown society

Answer 25

The English who came to Jamestown Island in 1607 resisted his wish that they become another subject community.

Question 26

Virginia’s “gold”

Answer 26

Answer and Explanation: Instead of gold, the natural resource that became Virginia’s great source of wealth in its colonial years was tobacco.

Question 27

Reason women took so long to start families in Virginia

Answer 27

to stop men from deserting the colony and provide stability, harmony, and a sense of community

Question 28

Religious doctrine of John Calvin

Answer 28

He stressed the doctrine of predestination, and his interpretations of Christian teachings, known as Calvinism, are characteristic of Reformed churches.

Question 29

Mayflower Compact

Answer 29

The Mayflower Compact was a set of rules for self-governance established by the English settlers who traveled to the New World on the Mayflower.

Question 30

Puritan marriages

Answer 30

The Puritans married for love – there were no arranged marriages.

Question 31

Reason Roger Williams established Rhode Island

Answer 31

Williams founded the colony of Rhode Island based upon principles of complete religious toleration, separation of church and state, and political democracy

Question 32

Elements of English liberty

Answer 32

the right to petition and freedom of speech and debate

Question 33

The House of Commons accused the king of

Answer 33

treason

Question 34

An Act Concerning Religion in 1649

Answer 34

The act was meant to ensure freedom of religion for Christian settlers of diverse persuasions in the colony.

Question 35

Who pushed England towards expanding territory and commercialism?

Answer 35

In the 1650s Oliver Cromwell.

Question 36

“Mercantilism”

Answer 36

belief in the benefits of profitable trading; commercialism.

Question 37

“Enumerated goods”

Answer 37

sugar, tobacco, cotton, indigo, and later rice, molasses, naval stores (tar, pitch, etc.), furs and iron.

Question 38

Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina

Answer 38

provided the form of government and society for the Carolina colony from 1669 to 1698.

Question 39

Reason William Penn obtained a colony

Answer 39

established Pennsylvania as a place where people could enjoy freedom of religion.

Question 40

Quakers and liberty

Answer 40

To Quakers, liberty was a universal entitlement, not the possession of any single people—a position that would eventually make them the first group of whites to repudiate slavery.

Question 41

17th century division of England

Answer 41

a period of huge political and social upheaval.

Question 42

Difference between American slavery and African slavery

Answer 42

The slave population in Brazil and the West Indies had a lower proportion of female slaves, a much lower birthrate, and a higher proportion of recent arrivals from Africa.

Question 43

Reason slavery developed slower in North America than West Indies

Answer 43

In general, the conditions of slavery in the northern colonies, where slaves were engaged more in nonagricultural pursuits

Question 44

How is it known that slaves were kept for life in the 1640s?

Answer 44

Before being sold, the enslaved were often kept in pens or private jails, sometimes for days or weeks.

Question 45

Bacon’s Rebellion caused what in Virginia

Answer 45

culminated in the war for independence one hundred years later.

Question 46

Virginia Slave Code of 1705

Answer 46

The Virginia Slave Codes of 1705 (formally entitled An act concerning Servants and Slaves), were a series of laws enacted by the Colony of Virginia’s House of Burgesses in 1705 regulating the interactions between slaves and citizens of the crown colony of Virginia.

Question 47

English Bill of Rights of 1689

Answer 47

The Bill firmly established the principles of frequent parliaments, free elections and freedom of speech within Parliament – known today as Parliamentary Privilege.

Question 48

Reason witch accusations grew in Salem

Answer 48

claimed to be possessed by the devil and accused several local women of witchcraft.

Question 49

Consumer goods by the 18th century

Answer 49

An increased supply of consumer goods from England that became available in the eighteenth century led to a phenomenon called the consumer revolution.

Question 50

17th century laws in the Chesapeake regarding free blacks

Answer 50

New laws restricted slaves’ access to freedom and free blacks’ ability to vote or hold positions of power.

Question 51

Walking Purchase of 1737

Answer 51

The Walking Purchase was a 1737 agreement between the Penn family, the original proprietors of the Province of Pennsylvania in the colonial era and the Lenape native Indians.