Review for Lectures 15-17

Question 1

Seward’s Folly

Answer 1

Seward’s Folly refers to the 1867 purchase of Alaska by the US government.

Question 2

Homestead Act 1862

Answer 2

The Homestead Act of 1862 granted free land ownership to settlers in the West.

Question 3

Department of Agriculture 1862

Answer 3

The U.S. government agency was established for agriculture and farming.

Question 4

Sand Creek Massacre

Answer 4

A tragic event in 1864 where U.S. soldiers killed Native Americans at Sand Creek, Colorado.

Question 5

Fort Fetterman Massacre

Answer 5

Massacre at Fort Fetterman, 1866, involving Cheyenne and Arapaho Native Americans killed by US Army.

Question 6

Battle of the Little Big Horn

Answer 6

The Battle of the Little Bighorn was an 1876 conflict in which a Native American partnership defeated US Army forces.

Question 7

George Armstrong Custer

Answer 7

George Armstrong Custer was a U.S. Army officer, best known for leading the Battle of the Little Bighorn in 1876.

Question 8

Sitting Bull

Answer 8

Sitting Bull was a Hunkpapa Lakota Sioux leader, spiritual figure, and warrior who led the resistance against the U.S. government in the late 1800s.

Question 9

Crazy Horse

Answer 9

Native American war leader that fought against the US army in the Great Sioux War.

Question 10

Ghost Dance 1890

Answer 10

Religious movements among Native American tribes promoted unity and hope for a return to the old ways.

Question 11

Wounded Knee 1890

Answer 11

Massacre of Native Americans by U.S. cavalry at Wounded Knee Creek, South Dakota

Question 12

Quanah Parker

Answer 12

Comanche warrior and leader, known for adapting to white culture and leading his people to reservations.

Question 13

Cynthia Ann Parker

Answer 13

Cynthia Ann Parker was a captive of the Comanche Native American tribe.

Question 14

Geronimo

Answer 14

Geronimo was a Native American Apache warrior who fought against Mexican and American forces in the late 1800s.

Question 15

Dawes Severalty Act

Answer 15

1887 U.S. law that assimilated Native Americans into American society.

Question 16

Carlisle School

Answer 16

A 19th century boarding school for Native American children aimed at assimilating them into American culture.

Question 17

Jim Thorpe

Answer 17

Jim Thorpe was a Native American athlete, excelling in various sports such as football and track and field. He won two Olympic gold medals in 1912 and is considered one of the greatest athletes of all time.

Question 18

Andrew Carnegie

Answer 18

Steel industrialist, philanthropist, and advocate of the “gospel of wealth.”

Question 19

Cornelius Vanderbilt

Answer 19

Cornelius Vanderbilt, was a wealthy American industrialist, and philanthropist who built a transportation empire and amassed great wealth in the 19th century.

Question 20

Jay Gould

Answer 20

Jay Gould was an American businessman, financier, and railroad developer known for his unethical business practices and manipulation of the stock market.

Question 21

John D. Rockefeller

Answer 21

Business magnate and philanthropist founded Standard Oil, monopolized the U.S. oil industry, and became the richest American in history.

Question 22

Monopolies

Answer 22

The concentration of control over the entire market by one entity.

Question 23

Robber Barons

Answer 23

Robber Barons refers to the wealthy American business magnates of the late 19th century who gained immense wealth and power through unethical and monopolistic practices.

Question 24

Consumerism

Answer 24

The economic concept where people buy increasing amounts of goods and services.

Question 25

White Collar workers

Answer 25

White-collar workers are salaried professionals who work in office or administrative roles.

Question 26

Blue Collar workers

Answer 26

Workers who perform manual or industrial jobs, typically with physical labor.

Question 27

Frederick Taylor

Answer 27

Frederick Taylor was an American engineer who developed “scientific management,” a method of maximizing productivity through efficiency studies and standardized work processes.

Question 28

Chinese Exclusion Act 1882

Answer 28

A U.S. law banning Chinese immigration for 10 years.

Question 29

The Great Railroad Strike of 1877

Answer 29

Nationwide railway workers’ strike, resulted in violence and federal intervention.

Question 30

Knights of Labor

Answer 30

A labor union in the late 1800s, promoted better working conditions for all workers, regardless of skill level or trade.

Question 31

Anarchism

Answer 31

A political belief advocating for the abolition of government and capitalism, promoting self-governance and cooperative societies.

Question 32

Emma Goldman

Answer 32

Famous anarchist, feminist, and labor activist.

Question 33

Homestead strike

Answer 33

Labor conflict in 1892, workers at a steel mill fought against owners.

Question 34

Pullman Strike

Answer 34

Mass workers’ strike led by American Railway Union in 1894 over working conditions and pay in Pullman Palace Car Company.

Question 35

Ludlow Massacre

Answer 35

The Ludlow Massacre was a violent confrontation in 1914 between striking coal miners and the Colorado National Guard in Ludlow, Colorado.

Question 36

Samuel Gompers

Answer 36

The founding father of the American labor movement.

Question 37

American Federation of Labor

Answer 37

“The American Federation of Labor (AFL) is a federation of labor unions representing workers in various industries in the US, founded by Samuel Gompers in 1886.”

Question 38

Booker T. Washington

Answer 38

African American educator, author, and leader advocating education and entrepreneurship for Black Americans.

Question 39

Up From Slavery

Answer 39

“Up From Slavery” is a 1901 autobiography by African American leader Booker T. Washington, detailing his journey from slavery to founding Tuskegee Institute.

Question 40

Women’s Christian Temperance Union

Answer 40

Pro-prohibition, a reform group advocating for women’s rights.

Question 41

18th Amendment

Answer 41

The 18th Amendment is the Prohibition Amendment, which banned the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcohol in the United States.

Question 42

Women’s Convention of the National Baptist Church

Answer 42

National Baptist Church women’s gathering advocating for women’s rights.

Question 43

Social Gospel

Answer 43

Reform movement promoting moral and social improvement through Christian principles.

Question 44

Dr. James Naismith

Answer 44

Inventor of the game of basketball.

Question 45

Charles Darwin

Answer 45

British naturalist who proposed the theory of evolution through natural selection.

Question 46

Herbert Spencer

Answer 46

Herbert Spencer was a British philosopher, biologist, and sociologist, known for his idea of “survival of the fittest” in his theory of social evolution.

Question 47

Realism

Answer 47

Literary/Artistic movement emphasizing accurate representation of life, often with a focus on middle/lower class and social issues.

Question 48

Naturalism

Answer 48

Philosophical viewpoint emphasizes observation and scientific laws to explain reality and existence.

Question 49

Lacy Act

Answer 49

U.S law, 1900, wildlife protection for migratory birds.

Question 50

Carrie Nation

Answer 50

Famous temperance activist known for smashing bars with a hatchet.