Review for Lectures 15-17 Flashcards
Seward’s Folly
Seward’s Folly refers to the 1867 purchase of Alaska by the US government.
Homestead Act 1862
The Homestead Act of 1862 granted free land ownership to settlers in the West.
Department of Agriculture 1862
The U.S. government agency was established for agriculture and farming.
Sand Creek Massacre
A tragic event in 1864 where U.S. soldiers killed Native Americans at Sand Creek, Colorado.
Fort Fetterman Massacre
Massacre at Fort Fetterman, 1866, involving Cheyenne and Arapaho Native Americans killed by US Army.
Battle of the Little Big Horn
The Battle of the Little Bighorn was an 1876 conflict in which a Native American partnership defeated US Army forces.
George Armstrong Custer
George Armstrong Custer was a U.S. Army officer, best known for leading the Battle of the Little Bighorn in 1876.
Sitting Bull
Sitting Bull was a Hunkpapa Lakota Sioux leader, spiritual figure, and warrior who led the resistance against the U.S. government in the late 1800s.
Crazy Horse
Native American war leader that fought against the US army in the Great Sioux War.
Ghost Dance 1890
Religious movements among Native American tribes promoted unity and hope for a return to the old ways.
Wounded Knee 1890
Massacre of Native Americans by U.S. cavalry at Wounded Knee Creek, South Dakota
Quanah Parker
Comanche warrior and leader, known for adapting to white culture and leading his people to reservations.
Cynthia Ann Parker
Cynthia Ann Parker was a captive of the Comanche Native American tribe.
Geronimo
Geronimo was a Native American Apache warrior who fought against Mexican and American forces in the late 1800s.
Dawes Severalty Act
1887 U.S. law that assimilated Native Americans into American society.
Carlisle School
A 19th century boarding school for Native American children aimed at assimilating them into American culture.
Jim Thorpe
Jim Thorpe was a Native American athlete, excelling in various sports such as football and track and field. He won two Olympic gold medals in 1912 and is considered one of the greatest athletes of all time.
Andrew Carnegie
Steel industrialist, philanthropist, and advocate of the “gospel of wealth.”
Cornelius Vanderbilt
Cornelius Vanderbilt, was a wealthy American industrialist, and philanthropist who built a transportation empire and amassed great wealth in the 19th century.
Jay Gould
Jay Gould was an American businessman, financier, and railroad developer known for his unethical business practices and manipulation of the stock market.
John D. Rockefeller
Business magnate and philanthropist founded Standard Oil, monopolized the U.S. oil industry, and became the richest American in history.
Monopolies
The concentration of control over the entire market by one entity.
Robber Barons
Robber Barons refers to the wealthy American business magnates of the late 19th century who gained immense wealth and power through unethical and monopolistic practices.
Consumerism
The economic concept where people buy increasing amounts of goods and services.
White Collar workers
White-collar workers are salaried professionals who work in office or administrative roles.
Blue Collar workers
Workers who perform manual or industrial jobs, typically with physical labor.
Frederick Taylor
Frederick Taylor was an American engineer who developed “scientific management,” a method of maximizing productivity through efficiency studies and standardized work processes.
Chinese Exclusion Act 1882
A U.S. law banning Chinese immigration for 10 years.
The Great Railroad Strike of 1877
Nationwide railway workers’ strike, resulted in violence and federal intervention.
Knights of Labor
A labor union in the late 1800s, promoted better working conditions for all workers, regardless of skill level or trade.
Anarchism
A political belief advocating for the abolition of government and capitalism, promoting self-governance and cooperative societies.
Emma Goldman
Famous anarchist, feminist, and labor activist.
Homestead strike
Labor conflict in 1892, workers at a steel mill fought against owners.
Pullman Strike
Mass workers’ strike led by American Railway Union in 1894 over working conditions and pay in Pullman Palace Car Company.
Ludlow Massacre
The Ludlow Massacre was a violent confrontation in 1914 between striking coal miners and the Colorado National Guard in Ludlow, Colorado.
Samuel Gompers
The founding father of the American labor movement.
American Federation of Labor
“The American Federation of Labor (AFL) is a federation of labor unions representing workers in various industries in the US, founded by Samuel Gompers in 1886.”
Booker T. Washington
African American educator, author, and leader advocating education and entrepreneurship for Black Americans.
Up From Slavery
“Up From Slavery” is a 1901 autobiography by African American leader Booker T. Washington, detailing his journey from slavery to founding Tuskegee Institute.
Women’s Christian Temperance Union
Pro-prohibition, a reform group advocating for women’s rights.
18th Amendment
The 18th Amendment is the Prohibition Amendment, which banned the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcohol in the United States.
Women’s Convention of the National Baptist Church
National Baptist Church women’s gathering advocating for women’s rights.
Social Gospel
Reform movement promoting moral and social improvement through Christian principles.
Dr. James Naismith
Inventor of the game of basketball.
Charles Darwin
British naturalist who proposed the theory of evolution through natural selection.
Herbert Spencer
Herbert Spencer was a British philosopher, biologist, and sociologist, known for his idea of “survival of the fittest” in his theory of social evolution.
Realism
Literary/Artistic movement emphasizing accurate representation of life, often with a focus on middle/lower class and social issues.
Naturalism
Philosophical viewpoint emphasizes observation and scientific laws to explain reality and existence.
Lacy Act
U.S law, 1900, wildlife protection for migratory birds.
Carrie Nation
Famous temperance activist known for smashing bars with a hatchet.
