(review) L6 文法 Flashcards
how are ru verbs converted to te form?
る changes to て
how are u verbs converted to te form?
う、つ、る change to って む、ぶ、ぬ change to んで く／ぐ change to いて／いで (exception: 行く changes to 行って) す change to して
how are the irregular converted to te form?
する → して
くる → きて
what are 4 uses of te form?
1) making polite requests
2) listing a sequence of activities
3) giving and asking permission
4) stating that something is forbidden
how is te form used to make polite requests?
use the te form of the verb + ください
how is te form used to describe a sequence of activities?
just list the verbs in te form–the ending of the final verb dictates tense for all of them.
additionally, it can be used to “loosely” connect with the rest of a sentence (describe how the second verb takes place, describe situation for which apology is made, etc.)
how is te form used to ask for/grant permission?
te form + もいいです
(or just いいです to shorten, if you want, when responding to a question, or どうぞ)
te form + もいいですか
how to say something is forbidden
te form + はいけません
how to explain the reason or cause of a situation/proposal/etc.
state the situation in one sentence, and then explain in a second sentence and end the second sentence with から
how to offer assistance
use ましょうか, which (in this context) means “let me do…”
when/how is どうも used?
normally with ありがとう (どうもありがとう, meaning “thank you very much”) or すみません (どうもすみません, meaning “thank you very much” or “I am very sorry”). can be used on its own, in which case it is an abbreviation of the above two compounds. in general, it functions in many different ways, depending on the situation, and some people even use it to day hello and goodbye.
what purpose does the addition of お before a word serve?
it adds smoothness and “nuance of social refinement” without changing the meaning of the words
giving directions: how to say where to turn
locationをdirectionにまがる（曲がる）
what counter is used to count streets/street corners and traffic lights when giving directions?
～つ目
