(review) L3 単語＋文法 Flashcards
(vocab) movie
えいが
映画
(vocab) music
おんがく
音楽
(vocab) magazine
ざっし
雑誌
(vocab) sports
スポーツ
(vocab) date (romantic, not calendar)
デート
(vocab) tennis
テニス
(vocab) TV
テレビ
(vocab) ice cream
アイスクリーム
(vocab) hamburger
ハンバーガー
(vocab) sake (the drink)
おさけ
お酒
(vocab) green tea
おちゃ
お茶
(vocab) coffee
コーヒー
(vocab) water
みず
水
(vocab) breakfast
あさごはん
朝ご飯
(vocab) lunch
ひるごはん
昼ご飯
(vocab) dinner
ばんごはん
晩ご飯
(vocab) home/house
いえ
家
うち
(vocab) school
がっこう
学校
(vocab) cafe
カフェ
(vocab) tomorrow
あした
明日
(vocab) today
きょう
今日
(vocab) morning
あさ
朝
(vocab) tonight
こんばん
今晩
(vocab) every day
まいにち
毎日
(vocab) every night
まいばん
毎晩
(vocab) weekend
しゅうまつ
週末
(vocab) Saturday
どようび
土曜日
(vocab) Sunday
にちようび
日曜日
(vocab) when
いつ
(vocab) approximately (time)
～ごろ
(vocab) to go (verb) type?
いく
行く
u verb
(vocab) to go back / return (verb) type?
かえる
帰る
u verb
(vocab) to listen/hear (verb) type?
きく
聞く
u verb
(vocab) to drink (verb) type?
のむ
飲む
u verb
(vocab) to speak/talk (verb) type?
はなす
話す
u verb
(vocab) to read (verb) type?
よむ
読む
ru verb
(vocab) to get up / to wake up (verb) type?
おきる
起きる
ru verb
(vocab) to eat (verb) type?
たべる
食べる
ru verb
(vocab) to sleep / go to sleep (verb) type?
ねる
寝る
ru verb
(vocab) to see / to look at / to watch (verb) type?
みる
見る
ru verb
(vocab) to come (verb) type?
くる
来る
irregular verb
(vocab) to do (verb) type?
する
irregular verb
(vocab) study
べんきょう
勉強
(vocab) good
いい
(vocab) early
はやい
早い
(vocab) not much (?)
あまり + negative
(vocab) not at all (?)
ぜんぜん + negative
全然
(vocab) usually
たいてい
(vocab) a little
ちょっと
(vocab) sometimes
ときどき
時々
(vocab) often/much
よく
(vocab) but
でも
(vocab) how about…?
どうですか
(vocab) yes (2 ways)
ええ
はい
what the characteristics of the 3 verb types?
ru verbs: made up of a base (which ends in i or e) plus ru
- dicitonary form always ends in eru or iru
- masu form may or may not end in imasu
u verbs: made up of a base that ends in a consonant + u
- dictionary form may or may not end in eru or iru
- masu form ends in imasu
irregular verbs:
- there are two: する and 来る`
how to convert ru verbs from dictionary to masu form?
replace the final ru with masu
how to convert u verbs from dictionary to masu form
replace the final u sounds with an i sound and add masu
how are the 2 irregular verbs converted from dictionary to masu form?
する → します
くる → きます
what is the function of the particle を?
indicates (is tagged onto) direct objects: items being directly manipulated/”verbed”
what is the function of the particle で?
indicates where the event described will take place (tagged onto locations)
what is the function of the particle に?
indicates:
1) goal of movement (for verbs like 行く, 来る, and 帰る
(2) time (used after time words like weekdays or hours)
what does ごろ mean and where is it used?
it means the reference to time is approximate–replaces the particle に (or sometimes is placed before it)
what is the function of the particle へ?
can be used instead of に (in goal of movement, not time)
when indicating time, when should に be used and when shouldn’t it?
used with:
- days of the week
- numerical time
- months (ex: “in september)
NOT used with:
- time expressions defined relative to the present time (ex: today, tomorrow)
- expressions describing regular intervals (ex: every day)
- いつ
USUALLY NOT used with:
- parts of the day (ex: morning)
- 週末
(use depends on style, emphasis, and personal preference)
what form of masu can be used to make an invitation?
～ませんか must be used.
～ますか cannot be used–the “invitation” will be interpreted as a question, not an invitation
where are “frequency adverbs” placed?
typically, after the subject, before the predicate
what are 5 frequency adverbs?
→毎日 →よく →時々 →あまり →ぜんぜん
what does the particle は indicate?
it indicates the overall topic/theme of the conversation. it is assumed that, until a new theme is introduced using は again, this theme does not change. the theme of the conversation indicated by は is not always the subject of the sentence.
what is the difference between 行く and 来る?
行く refers to movement away from the speaker.
来る refers to movement towards the speaker.
what is the difference between はい and ええ?
はい is less casual and can also be used to respond to knocks at the door or calling of one’s name.
ええ is more conversational and relaxed, and cannot be used to respond to knocking or name.
what is the most informal way of saying yes?
うん
