(review) L5 文法

Question 1

how to change い adjective to negative

Answer 1

replace the last い with くない or くありません

Question 2

how to change い adjective to past tense

Answer 2

replace the last い with かった

Question 3

how to change い adjective to negative past tense

Answer 3

replace the last い with くなかった or くありませんでした

Question 4

how to change な adjective to negative

Answer 4

same as nouns. です changes to one of the following:
→じゃないです
→じゃありません
→ではありません

Question 5

how to change な adjective to past tense

Answer 5

same as nouns. です changes to でした

Question 6

how to change な adjective to negative past tense

Answer 6

です changes to one of the following:
→じゃなかったです
→じゃありませんでした
→ではありませんでした

Question 7

what is the conjugation exception? how is it conjugated?

Answer 7

いい and compound adjectives that end in it.
first い is replaced with よ before conjugation:
present-affirmative: いい
present-negative: よくない
past-affirmative: よかった
past-negative: よくなかった or よくありませんでした

Question 8

what is the alternate form of いい? how common is it compared to the dictionary form (いい)?

Answer 8

よい. much less frequently used

Question 9

how are い type and な type adjectives used with nouns when the adjective is placed before the noun?

Answer 9

な type: な must be placed between the adjective and the noun

い type: adjective placed directly before the noun

Question 10

how do you indicate that you like/dislike something A Lot?

Answer 10

by adding 大 before the adjective. the degree modifier とても can also be used but this is much less common than 大.

Question 11

how to say you neither like nor dislike something?

Answer 11

好きでも嫌いでもないです。

Question 12

which particle can be used instead of が when talking about romantic or familial affection? ex? (using the normal particle would still imply the same kind of relationship when talking about two people)

Answer 12

のことが
たけしさんはメアリーさんのことが好きです。
“Takeshi is in love with Mary.”

Question 13

how to convert masu form into “let’s…”?

Answer 13

ましょう

Question 14

what is the difference between ましょう and ましょうか?

Answer 14

first just means “let’s…”, second is more like “shall we…?”

Question 15

what is the counter まい used for?

Answer 15

sheets of paper and other flat objects (like shirts)

Question 16

what are 3 different ways to use そうですね?

Answer 16

1) pronounced normally: (a) agree with what you just heard (when responding to something) or (b) seek agreement from person (when stating something)
2) ね prolonged: hesitation marker, trying to buy time to think further

Question 17

what are 2 different ways to use そうですか?

Answer 17

1) falling intonation: what you just heard is new to you (like “oh, I see”)
2) rising intonation: you are not completely sure with what you heard (like “I’m sorry?”/”what?”)