Review For The Final Flashcards
The cranial nerve that innervates smooth and cardiac muscles, glands of the most abdominal and thoracic organs is the ___________ nerve.
X
Globulins produced by plasma cells function as __________, while albumin is important for __________.
Antibodies; osmotic pressure
Low blood glucose level typically results in the secretion of all of the following EXCEPT:
insulin
The majority of red blood cell destruction occurs in the:
spleen
The walls of most blood vessels are innervated by
unmyelinated sympathetic neurons
Which cranial nerves are involved with chewing, moving the tongue, swallowing? All that apply
IX
V
X
XII
A patient suffers damage to the orbit in a road traffic incident resulting in damage to the third cranial nerve. Which of the following signs will be present?
dilation of the pupil
A single molecule of hemoglobin can transport up to ___ molecules of oxygen
4
ACTH controls secretion of ______________
cortisol
Adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulates release of this hormone.
Cortisol
Aldosterone regulates the blood sodium and potassium levels
True
All of the following are TRUE of red blood cells EXCEPT:
They function primarily in transport of CO 2 .
All of the following are plasma proteins
Albumins
Fibrinogen
Globulins
All of the following is true about blood pressure regulation
blood pressure depends on cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance
increase of blood volume will lead to increase of blood pressure
increase of venous return will increase blood pressure
Almost 75% of all parasympathetic outflow travels along the
Vagus nerve
An increase in plasma levels of EPO would cause RBC count to:
increase
An increase in plasma levels of erythropoietin will cause blood viscosity to__________________________________________________________________________________________
increase
An increase of sympathetic activity will cause airway diameter to
increase
As erythropoiesis continues, the number of organelles in a developing RBC will:
decrease
As the rate of red blood cell destruction increases , plasma bilirubin will_________________
increase
At the capillary, __________ causes fluid to leave the capillary and __________ causes fluid to enter the capillary.
blood pressure (hydrostatic pressure) , osmosis (osmotic pressure)
Blood vessel diameter increases (vasodilation) , peripheral vascular resistance ______________________
decreases
Choose correct statements
Parasympathetic nervous system decreases heart rate
Preganglionic axons of sympathetic nervous system are short
Postganglionic axons of parasympathetic nervous system are short
Parasympathetic ganglia located very close to target organ.
Decrease of plasma osmotic pressure in the systemic capillary will __________________________reabsorption of fluid from interstitial space.
decrease
Effectors of autonomic nervous system are all of the following except
skeletal muscle
Endocrine glands secrete hormones into the bloodstream for transport to target organs.
True
Epinephrine binds to
Adrenergic receptors
Given these parts of an autonomic reflex:
- afferent neuron
- association neuron (integrating center)
- effector cell
- efferent neuron
- sensory receptor
Choose the correct order an action potential travels through them from a stimulus to the resulting action.
5,1,2,4,3
Growth Hormone promotes
cell division
protein synthesis
bone growth
Hormones produced by thyroid galnd are responsible for regulating metabolic rate and calcium and phosphate ion concentration in the blood. Which thyroid hormone lowers calcium and phosphate ion concentration in the blood?
Calcitonin
If ______ is lacking in the diet, the thyroid gland enlarges, producing a goiter.
iodine
If you were to eat four sugar glaze doughnuts and a large pepsi, which hormone would you expect to be secreted at higher levels:
insulin
In response to a decrease in blood oxygen content, plasma level of erythropoietin would______________________________________________________________________
increase
Increase of hydrostatic pressure in the capillary will ______________________________Net Filtration Rate .
increase
Insulin functions to ___________________
promote the storage of nutrients
lower the blood glucose level by stimulating liver, fat and muscle cells to metabolize glucose
stimulate uptake of glucose by cells
Lack of this hormone results in weight gain, slow heart rate, muscle weakness, general fatigue.
T3, T4, thyroxine
Muscarinic receptors are proteins that bind the neurotransmitter
acetylcholine
Preganglionic fibers of parasympathetic neurons are present in all of the following cranial nerves, except
XII
Receptors that respond to nor- epinephrine are know as
adrenergic receptors
Renin production increases when blood flow to the kidney_________________________
decrease
Sweat glands and arrector pili muscles are controlled
by sympathetic nervous system only
The adrenal gland consists of _______________
the inner medulla and the outer cortex
The diameter of many blood vessels is controlled exclusively by the ________
sympathetic nervous system
The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body’s skeletal muscles is
Somatic nervous system
The endocrine system is quicker than the nervous system
False
The endocrine system:
releases chemicals into the bloodstream for distribution throughout the body
releases hormones that alter the metabolic activities of many different tissues and organs
can alter gene activity of cells
produces effects that can last for hours, days, or even longers
The pancreas has both exocrine and endocrine tissue
True
The pancreatic cells that secrete glucagon are the
Alpha cells of islets of Langerhans
The pancreatic cells that secrete insulin are the:
Beta cells of islets of Langerhans
The parasympathetic nervous system could me anatomically referred to as the
Craniosacral division
The primary neurotransmitter of parasympathetic nervous system is
Acetylcholine
The production of this hormone decreases with age.
Growth Hormone
The production of this hormone is increased during sleep.
Growth Hormone
The production of this hormone is increased in the morning
Cortisol
This division of the ANS is involved with salivation
parasympathetic division
This division of the ANS is will cause pupil constriction.
parasympathetic division
This division of the ANS originates from the thoracolumbar region of the spinal cord.
sympathetic nervous system
This division originates in craniosacral region
parasympathetic division
This hormone activates osteoclast and inhibits osteoblast,
Parathyroid Hormone
This hormone acts on the intestines and causes increased calcium absorption
calcitriol
This hormone causes retention of water by the kidney
Antidiuretic hormone
This hormone causes vasoconstriction
Antidiuretic hormone , norepinephrine
This hormone contains iodine
Thyroxin, T3 and T4
This hormone decreases arterial blood pressure
Atrial natriuretic peptide
This hormone decreases blood calcium level
Calcitonin
This hormone decreases blood glucose level
Insulin
This hormone has calorigenic effect
Thyroxin, T3 and T4
This hormone increases blood calcium level
Parathyroid hormone
This hormone increases blood glucose level
Glucagon, growth hormone, cortisol, norepinephrine
This hormone increases the heart rate and the force of heart contraction
Norepinephrine and thyroxine (T3 and T4)
This hormone is also known as a neurotransmitter.
Norepinephrine
This hormone is the primary male sex hormone as well as promoting secondary sexual characteristics such as increased muscle and bone mass, and the growth of body hair.
Testosterone
This hormone leads to an increase of ATP production
Thyroxin, T3 and T4
This hormone leads to increase in blood pressure
ADH, aldosterone, norepinephrine
This hormone provides reabsorption of sodium in the kidney which leads to water retention
Aldosterone
This hormone regulates production of red blood cells
Erythropoietin
This hormone stimulates protein synthesis and overall growth of most cells and tissues.
Growth Hormone
Thyroid- Stimulating hormone stimulates release of this hormone
Thyroxin, T3 and T4
Vasopressin is the same hormone as
antidiuretic hormone
When an effector receives input from both the sympathetic and the parasympathetic divisions, it is said to have ________ innervation.
dual
When normal arterial blood pressure decreases, baroreceptors cause a response that
returns blood pressure to normal
Where are the posterior pituitary hormones manufactured?
In the hypothalamus
Which capillary type would you claim to be the most permeable to large proteins?
sinusoid
Which division functions to conserve energy and replenish the supply of nutrients?
parasympathetic
Which hormone directly affects blood pressure?
ADH
Vasopressin
Which is not an effector innervated by the autonomic nervous system?
skeletal muscle
Which is the most significant factor affecting peripheral vascular resistance?
blood vessels diameter
Which may be involved in an autonomic reflex?
smooth muscles
cardiac muscle
sweat glands
Which number indicated postganglionic axon
1
Which of the following actions is caused by skeletal muscle
Eye movement
Which of the following contains granules filled with histamine and heparin
Basophil
Which of the following is NOT correctly matched with its function?
Immunoglobulin– involved in fibrin production
Which of the following is TRUE ?
Platelets are fragments of cells known as megakaryocytes and they persist in the circulation for 10-12 days.
Which of the following is TRUE of blood?
Blood consists of formed elements and plasma.
Which of the following is TRUE?
The binding of hemoglobin to oxygen is reversible
Which of the following is True about Hemoglobin?
Can bind both oxygen and carbon monoxide
Which of the following is True about red blood cells?
Function in oxygen and carbon dioxide transport
Which of the following is True about typical red blood cell?
Could eventually be engulfed by a macrophage in the spleen
Which of the following is true?
The sympathetic division of ANS is known as thoracolumbar division
Sympathetic ganglia are usually located near the spinal cord
Sympathetic nervous system innervates the smooth muscle in arteries and veins
Sympathetic preganglionic cell bodies are found in the thoracic spinal cord lateral horns
Which of the following organs produces most of the plasma proteins?
liver
Which of the following would not be expected during “fight or flight” response?
increase in digestive activity
Which of these conditions occur as a result of increased angiotensin II production?
a.
vasoconstriction
b.
increase venous return
c.
increase preload
d.
increase aldosterone secretion
Which of these mechanisms results in increased blood pressure?
increased production of renin
Which statement accurately compares the motor systems of the somatic nervous system (SNS) and autonomic nervous system (ANS)?
The ANS does have ganglia for its motor neuron and SNS does not.
Which statement is CORRECT?
a.
Afterload is a resistance in arteries to ejection of blood by ventricles
b.
Preload is the amount of venricular stretch at the end of ventricular diastole
c.
inotropic agents alter contractility (force of the contraction of the heart)
d.
Stroke volume is affected by afterload, preload, and
__________ mechanisms are most important for regulating arterial pressure on a short-term basis; __________ mechanisms are most important for regulating arterial pressure on a long-term basis.
baroreceptor / hormonal
it represents depolarization of the ventricles
it is QRS complex
it is T wave
it represents repolarization of the ventricles
it represents depolarization of the atria with a delay in the atrioventricular node. It allows more time for the atria to contract before the ventricles during the cardiac cycle
it is PR interval
It is P wave
it represents depolarization of the atria
5
Effector
What is happening in the heart from point A to point B
ventricular diastole
Which of the diagrams illustrates a parasympathetic ANS pathway?
2
decussation of pyramids is the crossing of nerve fibers of the motor tract at the ventral/anterior side on the lower portion of the medulla oblongata.
True
Extracellular potassium levels are ____________________ intracellular potassium levels
lower than
The axons of some neurons in the CNS are protected by glial cells that form a myelin sheath around the axons. These glial cells are called
Oligodendrocytes
Which of the following is TRUE?
The vermis is found in between the 2 cerebellar hemispheres.
The cerebellum plays a role in coordinating the movements involved in throwing a baseball.
Wernicke’s area is involved in understanding spoken language
Which of the following statements is true?
Neurolemmocytes (Schwann cells) form a myelin sheath around axons in the peripheral nervous system, and oligodendrocytes form a myelin sheath around axons in the central nervous system
Pericardial fluid is found between the parietal serous pericardium and the _____________.
Epicardium
Which cranial nerves are involved with chewing, moving the tongue, swallowing? All that apply
IX
V
X
XII
A decrease in venous return will cause stroke volume to _____________________________
decrease
A moderate increase in ventricular stretch due to increased venous return would _________________________ contractility of the ventricle.
increase
A moderate increase in ventricular stretch due to increased venous return would _________________________ contractility of the ventricle.
increase
A neuron has a polarized membrane, which means it is relatively positive on the outside of the membrane and negative on the inside. Which of the following creates this opposite charge characteristic of a neuron’s membrane?
Na+/K+exchange pump transfers 3 sodium outside and brings 2 potassium inside the cell
Higher protein concentration inside the cell
K+ diffuses outward through leak channels
A neuron has a polarized membrane, which means it is relatively positive on the outside of the membrane and negative on the inside. Which of the following creates this opposite charge characteristic of a neuron’s membrane?
Na+/K+exchange pump transfers 3 sodium outside and brings 2 potassium inside the cell
Higher protein concentration inside the cell
K+ diffuses outward through leak channels
A single molecule of hemoglobin can transport up to ___ molecules of oxygen
4
Agents that increase the heart rate are known as
positive chronotropic agents
All of the following are functions of hypothalamus.
temperature regulation
master control of autonomic and endocrine systems
production of antidiuretic hormone
control of food intake
All of the following statements are false statements, except one
spinal cord has a central canal that continuous with the fourth ventricle of the brain
All of the following statements are true statements regarding blood pressure regulation
blood pressure is influenced by cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance
increase of blood volume will lead to increase of blood pressure
increase of venous return will increase blood pressure
increase of cardiac output will lead to increase of blood pressure
All of the following vessels empty into the right atrium
Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
coronary sinus
An increase in contractility will cause stroke volume to __________________________
increase
An increase in plasma levels of erythropoietin will cause blood viscosity to__________________________________________________________________________________________
increase
An increase in sympathetic activity will cause airway diameter to
increase
Angiotensin II ___________________production of aldosterone
increases
As blood flows from the aorta to the right atrium , its oxygen content will_______________
decrease
As blood flows from the left atrium to the ascending aorta , its oxygen content will________
stay the same
As blood flows from the left atrium to the ascending aorta , its oxygen content will________
stay the same
As end diastolic volume increases , stroke volume will__________________________________________
increase
As the rate of red blood cell destruction increases , plasma bilirubin will_________________
increase
At the capillary, __________ causes fluid to leave the capillary and __________ causes fluid to enter the capillary.
blood pressure (hydrostatic pressure) , osmosis (osmotic pressure)
Blood is prevented from backflowing INTO the right ventricle by the:
pulmonary valve
Blood vessel diameter decreases(vasocondtriction) , peripheral vascular resistance ______________________
increases
Calculate stroke volume given the following: EDV - 120 cc, ESV - 40 cc
80 cc
Cerebrospinal fluid is produced by the __________.
ependymal cells of the choroid plexus
Choose true statement about flow and production of cerebrospinal fluid
Cerebrospinal fluid is produced by choroid plexuses
There is about 500 cc of CSF produced in 24 hours and the same amount is reabsorbed back in the blood stream
CSF reduces apparent weight of the brain 95% and prevents collapse of brain through foramen magnum
Choose the correct statement
in the nervous system the strength of the stimulus is determined by the frequency of action potential
Choose the correct statement about cerebrospinal fluid
is continually formed mostly by the choroid plexuses
Choose the incorrect statement from the list that follows
during repolarization phase of action potential, the neuron becomes more sensitive to new stimulus
Compared to the nervous system, the endocrine system has
more widespread and long lasting effect
Control of temperature, endocrine activity, water balance, and thirst are functions associated with the:
hypothalamus
Corpus callosum facilitates communication between right and left hemispheres
True
Decrease of hydrostatic pressure in the capillary will ______________________________Net Filtration Rate .
decrease
Decrease of plasma osmotic pressure in the systemic capillary will __________________________reabsorption of fluid from interstitial space.
decrease
Depolarization is the term used to describe the movement of __________ ions to the inside of a neuron while repolarization is the term used to describe the movement of __________ ions to the outside of neuron
Sodium/ potassium
During repolarization, the sodium channels are closed and inactivated. How does this affect a neuron?
The neuron cannot respond to new stimuli
End diastolic volume is
amount of blood in each ventricle at the end of ventricular diastole
Find a wrong statement
ulnar nerve arises from thoracic plexus
Find true statement
effectors of somatic motor nervous system are skeletal muscles
central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord
peripheral nervous system consists of nerves and ganglia
chemical synapse is the most common synapse in the nervous system
How does sympathetic nervous system increase stroke volume?
By increasing contractility of the ventricles
If a small amount of chloride Cl- entered the soma of the motor neuron through chemically gated channels, which of the following would occur?
Hyperpolarization will occur and the neuron would less likely to fire action potential
If a sodium channel in the plasma membrane of a neuron open, the [Na+] will move
inside the cell
Impulses that are going toward the CNS are called __________ and impulses going away from the CNS are called __________.
Afferent, efferent
In the spinal cord, gray matter is organized into
dorsal and ventral horns
Increase in afterload will lead to ______________________of stroke volume
decrease
Increase of hydrostatic pressure in the capillary will ______________________________Net Filtration Rate .
increase
Mr. Right was in a horrific snowmobile accident. Afterwards he had a loss of balance. Which major brain region was probably damaged?
Cerebellum
Mr. Smith suffered a stroke. He is able to understand verbal and written language, but when he tries to speak, his words are garbled. What cortical region did the stroke damage?
Broca’s area
Neurons consist of a cell body, axons, and _________________________, which receive information.
dendrites
Normal expected blood pressure for an adult is less than 115/70. What do the numbers indicate when writing blood pressure?
The top number (115) is systolic pressure, the bottom number (70) is diastolic pressure
Physical and emotional stress _________________________production of cortisol.
increases
Predict what would happen with the Heart rate (HR) , Stroke volume (SV), and Cardiac output (CO) with increased sympathetic output
Increased HR, increased SV, Increased CO
Put the following components of the conduction system of the heart in the correct order:
- Purkinje Fibers
- SA node
- AV bundle
- AV node
- Bundle Branches
2 4 3 5 1
Renin production increases when blood flow to the kidney_________________________
decrease
Suppose a red blood cell is in the coronary sinus. What heart valve will it pass next?
tricuspid valve
The S1(first) sound of the heart is caused by the _______ of the ______.
Closing; AV valves
The _____________ prevents backflow from the right ventricle into the right atrium
tricuspid valve
The all-or-none principle states that
all stimuli great enough to bring the membrane potential to threshold will produce identical action potential
The center of somatic motor control that plans and initiates voluntary motor activity is the
Cerebral cortex
The diameter of many blood vessels is controlled exclusively by the ________
sympathetic nervous system
The following are a list of vessels and structures associated with the heart.
1) Right atrium
2) Left atrium
3) Right ventricle
4) Left ventricle
5) Vena cavae
6) Aorta
7) Pulmonary trunk
8) Pulmonary veins
5,1,3,7,8,2,4,6
The junction between two communicating neurons is called the
synapse
The length of sympathitic preganglionic axon is ___________________________________lenght of the parasympathetic preganglionic axon.
shorter that
The meninges cover the __________.
The brain and the spinal cord
The primary neurotransmitter of parasympathetic nervous system is
acetylcholine
The rhythm of the heart is normally set by the cells of the
Sinoatrial node
The right side of the heart is associated with the ___________ circulation and the left side of the heart is associated with the ________ circulation.
Pulmonary; systemic
The sequence of contraction of the heart chambers is:
both atria followed by both ventricles
The skeletal muscles are controlled by the _______________________________nervous system
somatic motor nervous system
The smooth muscles and glands are controlled by the __________________________ nervous system.
autonomic nervous system
The three major parts of the brain stem are the:
midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata
The waste product bilirubin is produced from_(be specific)
Heme -group
There are ___________ pairs of cervical spinal nerves and ___________ pairs of thoracic spinal nerves
8 and 12
Choose the correct statement about the phase labeled on the graph Following graph represetns voltage changes across plasma membrane durigng action potential
it is depolarization phase of action potential
Choose the correct statement about the phase labeled on the graph Following graph represetns voltage changes across plasma membrane durigng action potential
it is depolarization phase of action potential
Find the correct statement about the phase labeled on the graph Following graph represetns voltage changes across plasma membrane durigng action potential
It is repolarization phase of action potential
Find the correct statement about the phase labeled on the graph Following graph represetns voltage changes across plasma membrane durigng action potential
It is repolarization phase of action potential
Find the correct statement about the phase of action potential labeled on theFollowing graph represetns voltage changes across plasma membrane durigng action potential graph
During this phase voltage -gated sodium channels are open and sodium enters the cell making cell more positive inside
Voltage-gated ion channels are found on
axon hillock, unmyelinated axons, and nodes of Ranvier on myelinated axons
Voluntary movement of the right hand is caused by neural activity in the
Left precentral gyrus
What is refractory period?
refractory period is a short period during action potential when the cell cannot respond to a new stimulus
What is the function of the mineralocorticoids secreted by the adrenal gland?
Provides reabsorption of sodium in the kidney by stimulating Na/K pump, increasing reabsorption of water by the kidney
What structures work to prevent prolapse (i.e., flipping up) of the atrioventricular valves?
chordae tendineae
When during the cardiac cycle do ventricles contain their maximal amount of blood? What is this quantity called?
At the end of atrial systole/ EDV
When someone touches a hot stove, the rapid, automatic, preprogrammed response that preserves homeostasis is provided by the
spinal reflex
When the action potential reaches the terminal end of an axon
vesicles of neurotransmitter fuse with the outer membrane and release the neurotransmitter into synaptic cleft
When the sodium potassium pump breaks down a molecule of ATP, ______ K+ ions are moved into the cell and ______ Na+ are moved out of the cell.
2/3
Which capillary type would you claim to be the most permeable to large proteins?
sinusoid
Which chamber of the heart has the thickest wall?
Left ventricle
Which may be involved in an autonomic reflex?
smooth muscles
cardiac muscle
sweat glands
Which of the following contains deoxygenated blood?
Coronary sinus
Which of the following does not empty into the right atrium?
pulmonary veins
Which of the following is NOT TRUE of the heart?
The largest chamber (the left ventricle) pumps the most blood
Which of the following is NOT TRUE?
The medulla oblongata is superior to the pons
Which of the following is TRUE?
The left ventricle is the pump of the systemic circuit.
The heart is found in the mediastinum.
The heart contains 2 pumps arranged in series.
The left ventricle generates more pressure than the right
Which of the following is TRUE?
Cardiac output is the volume of blood pumped by each ventricle per minute.
Cardiac output is the product of heart rate and stroke volume
Stroke volume is the amount of blood ejected from the ventricle each beat
Which of the following is a function of glial cells?
Sending action potentials to effector tissues
Which of the following is TRUE?
The majority of red blood cell destruction occurs in the spleen
Which of the following is TRUE?
Cardiac output from right ventricle is equal to cardiac output from left ventricle
Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
First heart sound is associated with closure of both atrioventricular valves
Right ventricle pumps for the pulmonary circuit
Pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood to the pulmonary capillaries
Coronary sinus carries blood higher in CO2 than in O2
Which of the following will contain deoxygenated blood?
coronary sinus
Which of these conditions occur as a result of increased angiotensin II production?
vasoconstriction
increase venous return
increase preload
increase aldosterone secretion
Which statement is false about reflex
Reflex is a voluntary rapid response to the stimulus
__________ mechanisms are most important for regulating arterial pressure on a short-term basis; __________ mechanisms are most important for regulating arterial pressure on a long-term basis.
baroreceptor / hormonal
if sodium - potassium exchange pumps in the plasma membrane fail to function due to lack of ATP , all of the following occur, except
the intracellular concentration of potassium ions will increase
Cranial nerve: I
Smell
Cranial nerve: II
Vision
Cranial nerve: III
Control of skeletal muscle that move the eye
Cranial nerve: V
Sense of touch, pain, pressure from the face area
Cranial nerve: VII
Taste form the anterior part of the tongue
Cranial nerve: IX
Taste form the posterior tongue and muscles of the pharynx (swallowing)
Cranial nerve: X
Parasympathetic innervation of visceral organs of abdominal and thoracic cavities
Cranial nerve: XI
Flexion and extension of the head
Cranial nerve: XII
Muscles of the tongue
Cranial nerve: I
Smell
Cranial nerve: II
Vision
Cranial nerve: III
Control of skeletal muscles that move the eye
Cranial nerve: V
Sense of touch, pain, pressure from the face area
Cranial nerve: VII
Taste form then anterior part of the tongue
Cranial nerve: VIII
Hearing and balance
Cranial nerve: IX
Taste form the posterior tongue and muscles of the pharynx (swallowing)
Cranial nerve: X
Parasympathetic innervation of visceral organs of abdominal and thoracic cavities
Cranial nerve: XI
Flexion and extension of the head
Cranial nerve: XII
Muscles of the tongue
Growth hormone
Adenohypophysis
T3 and T4
Thyroid gland
Parathyroid hormone
Parathyroid gland
Aldosterone
Zona glomeruloza of the adrenal cortex
Cortisol
Zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex
Calcitriol
Kidney
Insulin
beta cells of islets of Langerhance
Glucagon
alpha cells of islets of Langerhance
Antidiuretic hormone
hypothalamus
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide
Heart
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
Adenohypophysis
Erythropoietin
Kidney
Calcitonin
Thyroid gland
Medulla oblongata
cardiovascular center
precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe
primary motor cortex
prefrontal cortex
complex cognitive behavior, planning , judgment
postcentral gyrus of parietal lobe
primary somatosensory cortex
occipital lobe
visual cortex
temporal lobe
auditory cortex
insular lobe
interpretation of taste
Medulla oblongata
Respiratory center
Substantia nigra
dopamine production
thalamus
receives sensory input and directs it to centers of the cerebral cortex
Broca’s area
motor speech area
Wernicke’s area
language comprehension
Hypothalamus
controls water intake
red nucleus of midbrain
control of erector spinae group muscles
Occipital cerebral cortex
visual center
reticular formation
controls level of consciousness
cerebellum
balance and coordination
Albumins
Maintains plasma osmotic colloid pressure
Hemoglobin
Transports oxygen to the tissue
Immunoglobulins
Antibodies for defence
Fibrinogen
Blood coagulation
Transferrin
Iron transporter
Basophil
Contains histamine and heparin
Monocyte
Future macrophage
Neutrophil
Fights bacteria
Which of the following is true
The left ventricle generates more pressure than the right ventricle
The heart is found in the mediastinum.
The tricuspid valve prevents backflow from the right ventricle into the right atrium.
During early ventricular systole (isovolumetric contraction) , the AV valves are closed and the semilunar valves are closed.
