Endocrine System Chart Flashcards
What organ/gland produces this hormone? T3 and T4
Iodine containing hormone
Thyroid gland
Is there a regulating hormone and what organ produces it? T3 and T4
Iodine containing hormone
Yes!
Regulated by TRH ( thyroid releasing hormones) of hypothalamus and TSH(thyroid stimulating hormone) of pituitary gland
Stimulus for the production of this hormone ( we produce this hormone in response to what?) T3 and T4
Iodine containing hormone
Hypothalamus increases production of TRH due to Hypothermia, stress, pregnancy.
What is the function of the hormone? What does it do in the body? T3 and T4
Iodine containing hormone
1) Increases ATP production,
2) increases metabolism,
3) increases production of proteins- enzymes!
4) increases heart rate
5) Increases contractility of the heart
muscle
6) As a result of increased metabolism oxygen consumption increases
7) Calorigenic effect – more heat
produced
What organ/gland produces this hormone? Growth Hormone
Anterior pituitary gland or adenohypophysis
Is there a regulating hormone and what organ produces it? Growth Hormone
GH releasing and inhibitory hormones of hypothalamus
Stimulus for the production of this hormone ( we produce this hormone in response to what?) Growth Hormone
- Age
- Time of day (increased production at night);
- stress and exercise;
- nutrient status ( low glucose , lipid,and protein levels!); starvation
What is the function of the hormone? What does it do in the body? Growth Hormone
1.Stimulates protein synthesis and overall
growth
of most cells and tissues; results in
bone and muscle growth
2. increases activity of osteoblasts
3. increases catabolism of fatty acids for
ATP production
What organ/gland produces this hormone? PTH ( parathyroid hormone)
Parathyroid gland
Is there a regulating hormone and what organ produces it? PTH ( parathyroid hormone)
NO
Stimulus for the production of this hormone ( we produce this hormone in response to what?) PTH ( parathyroid hormone)
Falling blood calcium level triggers release of PTH
What is the function of the hormone? What does it do in the body? PTH ( parathyroid hormone)
Raises blood calcium level by:
1.stimulates osteoclasts
2. inhibits osteoblast
3. increases reabsorption of calcium in the
kidney
5. stimulates conversion of vitamin D
in the active form (calcitriol) which causes increase of absorption of calcium by the
intestine
What organ/gland produces this hormone? Calcitonin
C-cells of thyroid gland
Is there a regulating hormone and what organ produces it? Calcitonin
NO
Stimulus for the production of this hormone ( we produce this hormone in response to what?) Calcitonin
High blood levels of calcium
What is the function of the hormone? What does it do in the body? Calcitonin
Lowers calcium blood level
1.inhibits osteoclasts
2. activates osteoblasts
Direct antagonist of PTH
What organ/gland produces this hormone? What organ/gland produces this hormone? Aldosterone/
Mineralocorticoid
Adrenal gland : Zona glomerulosa of adrenal cortex
Is there a regulating hormone and what organ produces it? Aldosterone/
Mineralocorticoid
NO
Stimulus for the production of this hormone ( we produce this hormone in response to what?) Aldosterone/
Mineralocorticoid
1.Angiotensin II ( activated due to low blood supply to the kidney)
2.High potassium level
What is the function of the hormone? What does it do in the body? Aldosterone/
Mineralocorticoid
Provides reabsorption of sodium in the
kidney by stimulating Na/K exchange
pump
(water follows sodium - Increases
fluid retention – increases blood volume – increases blood pressure – very important!
What organ/gland produces this hormone? Cortisol/
Glucocorticoid
Adrenal gland: Zona fasciculata of adrenal cortex
Is there a regulating hormone and what organ produces it? Cortisol/
Glucocorticoid
YES!
Corticotropin-releasing hormone of the hypothalamus;
ACTH- adrenocorticotropic hormone of anterior pituitary gland
Stimulus for the production of this hormone ( we produce this hormone in response to what?) Cortisol/
Glucocorticoid
Time of day (highest level in the morning)
Stress ( physical and emotional), fever, hypoglycemia
What is the function of the hormone? What does it do in the body? Cortisol/
Glucocorticoid
1.activates gluconeogenesis ( increases
blood
sugar level)
2.inhibits protein synthesis
3.antiinflammatory effect (inhibits
chemotaxis)
What organ/gland produces this hormone? Insulin
Pancreas : beta cells of islets of Langerhance
Is there a regulating hormone and what organ produces it? Insulin
NO
Stimulus for the production of this hormone ( we produce this hormone in response to what?) Insulin
High blood sugar level
What is the function of the hormone? What does it do in the body? Insulin
Decreases blood sugar level
1.promotes movement of glucose through
the cell membrane
2. stimulates the storage of glucose and
fats
3. stimulates glycogen synthesis
4. increases glucose uptake by the liver
Increases production of proteins
Increases uptake of amino acids, which
stimulates protein anabolism
What organ/gland produces this hormone? Glucagon
Pancreas : alpha cells of islets of Langerhance
Is there a regulating hormone and what organ produces it? Glucagon
NO
Stimulus for the production of this hormone ( we produce this hormone in response to what?) Glucagon
Low blood sugar level
What is the function of the hormone? What does it do in the body? Glucagon
Increases blood sugar level
1.stimulates gluconeogenesis – production
of glucose
2.promotes break down of glycogen
3.increases glucose release by the liver
What organ/gland produces this hormone? ADH (antidiuretic hormone)/ vasopressin
Hypothalamus produces ADH and posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis) stores it and releases hormone into the blood.
Is there a regulating hormone and what organ produces it? ADH (antidiuretic hormone)/ vasopressin
NO
Stimulus for the production of this hormone ( we produce this hormone in response to what?) ADH (antidiuretic hormone)/ vasopressin
1.osmotic concentration of the extracellular fluid known as osmolarity (osmoreceptors of hypothalamus respond to more solutes dissolved in the blood and increase production of ADH
2.decreased blood volume (decreased cardiac output) baroreceptor reflex
Other: pain, nicotine, morphine
Alcohol inhibits ADH secretion causes dehydration and hangover associated with alcohol consumption
What is the function of the hormone? What does it do in the body? ADH (antidiuretic hormone)/ vasopressin
1.reabsorption of water in the kidney
increases volume of extracellular fluid
2.vasoconstriction (constriction of
arterioles throughout the body)
Vasoconstriction and increased blood
volume will increase blood pressure
What organ/gland produces this hormone? Oxytocin
Hypothalamus produces oxytocin and posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis) stores it and releases hormone into the blood
Is there a regulating hormone and what organ produces it? Oxytocin
NO
Stimulus for the production of this hormone ( we produce this hormone in response to what?) Oxytocin
Release is triggered by the stretching of the uterus and cervix ( positive feedback)
What is the function of the hormone? What does it do in the body? Oxytocin
Smooth muscle contraction ( uterus during
labor)
Milk ejection reflex
Sexual arousal and orgasm
What organ/gland produces this hormone? Erythropoietin
Kidney
What organ/gland produces this hormone? Erythropoietin
NO
Stimulus for the production of this hormone ( we produce this hormone in response to what?) Erythropoietin
Release is triggered by low oxygen supply to the kidney( known as hypoxia)
What is the function of the hormone? What does it do in the body? Erythropoietin
Essential hormone for red cell production.
What organ/gland produces this hormone? Calciteiol
Kidney
Is there a regulating hormone and what organ produces it? Calcitriol
PTH
Stimulus for the production of this hormone ( we produce this hormone in response to what?) Calcitriol
PTH
What is the function of the hormone? What does it do in the body? Calcitriol
1.increases the uptake of calcium from the gastrointestinal tract into the blood
2. reduces the loss of calcium in the urine
What organ/gland produces this hormone? Angiotensin
Angiotensinogen is inactive form of angiotensin synthesized by the liver. Requires enzymes for activation: renin and angiotensin converting enzyme – will talk more about it in future chapters
Is there a regulating hormone and what organ produces it? Angiotensin
NO
Stimulus for the production of this hormone ( we produce this hormone in response to what?) Angiotensin
Low blood flow to the kidney and activation of sympathetic nervous system trigger renin-angiotensin aldosterone system.
What is the function of the hormone? What does it do in the body? Angiotensin
1.vasoconstriction and a subsequent increase in blood pressure
2. stimulates the release of aldosterone
What organ/gland produces this hormone? Atrial natriuretic peptide
Released by muscle cells in the upper chambers (atria) of the heart (atrial myocytes)
Is there a regulating hormone and what organ produces it? Atrial natriuretic peptide
NO
Stimulus for the production of this hormone ( we produce this hormone in response to what?) Atrial natriuretic peptide
Released in response to
1.) high blood volume (stretching of the atria)
What is the function of the hormone? What does it do in the body? Atrial natriuretic peptide
- Vasodilator
- Decreases sodium real absorption by the kidney
- Decreases blood pressure
