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review Flashcards

1
Q

Intrafusal fibers are where and what innervation?

A

Intrafusal are in parallel with extrafusal fibers I think

They are mixed nerves

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2
Q

Muscle tone is maintained by

A

responding to steady state amount of stretch

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3
Q

Intrafusal fibers responds via the gamma motoneuron to modulate

A

muscle length

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4
Q

alpha motoneuron innervates the _____ and lives_____

A

lives in the ventral horn and modulates tone via intrafusal fibers

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5
Q

alpha motoneuron innervates the _____ and lives_____

A

lives in the ventral horn and modulates tone via intrafusal fibers

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6
Q

Stretch reflex has how many synapses?

A

It’s a monosynaptic reflex

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7
Q

inverse stretch reflex is modulated by

A

The Golgi tendon organs and has an opposite effect of the stretch reflex (decreases muscle contraction)

has to get to a certain threshold

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8
Q

Flexion reflex initiated by what stimuli?

A

Noxious Cutaneous

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9
Q

Crossed Extensor reflex can be ___

A

contralateral

helps maintain balance

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10
Q

Following an upper motor neuron injury what is the course of reflexes expected to be seen?

A

1-2 weeks after= spinal shock and reflexes are hyporeflexive

then hyperreflexia due to loss of descending inhibition of LMN

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11
Q

Corticospinal lesion will see increased or decreased tonic stretch reflex?

A

increased tonic stretch reflex

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12
Q

Unconscious proprioception occurs at what level?

A

spinal cord

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13
Q

Clarke’s nucleus is?

A

Accessory cuneate for arm

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14
Q

somatotopy is same in primary motor

A

homonculus

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15
Q

If you are moving from the lonigtudinal fissue to the sylvian fissure within the parietal lobe, what does the somatotopy show

A

Leg closer to the midline

Then Arm

Then Face

Then pharynx/larynx in that fissure

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16
Q

Just sensory CN?

A

I (olfactory), II (optic), VIII (vestibulocochlear)

17
Q

Just motor CN?

A

III (oculomotor), IV (Trochlear), VI (Abducens), XI (Spinal accessory), XII (Hypoglossal)

18
Q

Mixed CN?

A

V, VII, IX, X

19
Q

Abducting the eye (lateral movement) tests what CN

A

tests the lateral rectus and the Abducens Nerve (CN IV)

20
Q

What does your eye lens need to do to see in the distance?

A

flatten the lens by

21
Q

Myopia has problem seeing where and a focal point where?

A

Nearsighted because eye is too long

Focal point would be

need a concave lens

22
Q

what sort of lens do you need to correct for near sighted-ness

A

convex

23
Q

what is power?

A

1/focal point= diopters

24
Q

A strong lens has a higher diopter

A

idk relate this to focal length

25
Q

Snellen eye chart measures

A

visual ACUITY

26
Q

Dark black

dark eosinophilic

in between lighter areas

A

Dark black= retinal pigment layer

dark eosinophilic= ganglion

in between lighter areas= plexiform layers

27
Q

What receptors on off-center bipolar cells depolarize bipolars?

A

AMPA/Kainate

28
Q

What receptors on on-center bipolar cells depolarize bipolars?

A

MGluR6 hyperpolarize bipolars

29
Q

What photoreceptors are helpful at night

A

Rods: super sensitive to light but poor acuity because many rods synapse on a single bipolar cell

30
Q

What photoreceptors are helpful for visual acuity w/ light and color vision?

A

Cones

few cones synapse on a single bipolar cell

31
Q

what part of the visual field crosses over to the other side via the nasal retinal area?

A

Temporal visual field

32
Q

lower half of the eye projects to the inferior region on the upper bank of the sulcus. more central part of the visual field is located

A

More central is more posterior

33
Q

Upper half of the eye are represented where on the sulcus?

More central part of visual field is where?

A

Lower bank of the sulcus

more central is further posterior

BnB (22 decks)

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