Eye pathology Flashcards
Presbyopia occurs in
older people with non-accommodating lenses
Raccoon eyes after MVA
Basilar skull fractures
ear to ear
Exophthalmos is infiltrated with
myxedema
Blepharitis
infection of the eyelid
BCC usually predelictation for
lower eyelid and medial canthus
Conjunctival Hemorrhage tx
very common, no tx it will resolve but will change colors
Pink eye bacteria?
H. Influenzae (matting in the morning)
Strep Pneumoniae
Epido keratoconjunctivitis and swimming could be caused by
Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis
Ophthalmia neonatorum caused by and prophylaxis?
Gonococcal
Ceftriaxone
Leading cause of blindness worldwide?
Chlamydia trachomatis
Keratoconjunctivitis sicca and dry mouth could be caused by
Sjogren Syndrome
Cyclosporin could treat idiopathic
dry eye
Pterygium is vascularized conjunctival tissue that grows over the iris. Where does it grow?
From medial canthus
Blue sclera could be due to
Osteogenisis imperfecta
Tyndall effect
Corneal basement membrane does not regenerate true or false?
Descemet’s Membrane doesn’t regenerate
Corneal Abrasion can be dx’d with
Fluorescein on eye then view through blacklight
Corneal Ulcers usually caused by and tx’d with
Herpes Simplex, chinese character appearance under blacklight
you can spread this from towels gross
tx: acyclovir
Acanthamoeba
can live on cornea
Fusarium lives on
grass
the example shows fungus growing on cornea. Steroids will make this worse
Cataracts occur in the
Lens
Enucleated Lens?
cataracts
Excavation of the optic nerve and progressive loss of visual field sensitivity
Glaucoma
Congenital Glaucoma most frequent? Ocular emergency?
Primary open-angle
Primary closed-angle (ocular emergency)
How can you see the fovea on ophthalmoscope?
ask pt to look directly at the scope
Layers of the retina
Pigmented epithelium
Photoreceptors
External Limiting membrane
Outer nuclear
Outer Plexiform (cone and rod axons, horizontal cell dendrites, bipolar dendrites)
Inner Nuclear (axons of bipolar cells and amacrine cells, dendrites of ganglion cells)
Ganglion cells (nuclei of ganglion cells and displaced amacrine cells)
Axons (nerve fibers from ganglion cells traversing retina to leave the optic disk)
Internal limiting membrane (separates the retina from the vitreous)
Layers of the retina
Pigmented epithelium
Photoreceptors
External Limiting membrane
Outer nuclear
Outer Plexiform (cone and rod axons, horizontal cell dendrites, bipolar dendrites)
Inner Nuclear (axons of bipolar cells and amacrine cells, dendrites of ganglion cells)
Ganglion cells (nuclei of ganglion cells and displaced amacrine cells)
Axons (nerve fibers from ganglion cells traversing retina to leave the optic disk)
Internal limiting membrane (separates the retina from the vitreous)
Flame-shaped hemorrhages common in
Shaken baby syndrome or trauma
AV Nicking, micor-aneurysms, cotton wool spots (infarction)
Hypertension
What could cause retinal vascular occlusion?
Vasculitis (temporal arteritis, Takayasu Aortitis)
Dissection
Spasm (meth/amphetamines)
Exudates out of the macular star and thickened arteries?
Hypertensive retinopathy
Proliferative retinopathy could appear
5-15 years after onset of disease, often within 5 years of death from vascular causes
eye looks like arteries forming the tree of life
Non-proliferative retinopathy
Hemorrhage
thickened vessels
microaneurysms
exudates
Retinopathy of Prematurity (Retro-lental fibroplasia)
high oxygen tension (HMD)
Retinitis
looks black by optic disk
Histo
Toxoplasmosis
CMV
Toxocara
Toxocariasis can be caused by a dog because
dogs transmits gross larvae into your eye, can go through retina causing inflammation and injury
Rhegmatogenous Retinal tear from trauma from collapse of
vitreous
Non-rhegmatogenous is a retinal detachment in which
collection of fluid between the retina and the pigment epithelium occurring during choroiditis or melanoma
Papilledema can show up as a choked disk and indicates
increased intracranial pressure
can be from tumor neoplasm
Retinoblastoma arise from
Immature retinal neurons
Leukokoria (white eye) could indicate
Rb, can spread to the CNS
is Rb inherited?
most are spontaneous and associated with osteosarcoma
Rb can form _______ on histo
rosettes
Most common primary malignancy of eye is
melanoma
most common malignancy in the eye
metastatic carcinoma usually involving the uveal tract
Mets of uveal tract melanoma???
Hematogenous spread usually to the liver
most common malignancy in the eye
metastatic carcinoma usually involving the uveal tract
can cause the pupil to retract
Mets of uveal tract melanoma???
Hematogenous spread usually to the liver
Tx of uveal tract melanoma?
Radiation or enucleation
