Review Flashcards
Organic vs inorganic copper source?
Inorganic - Copper Sulfate
Organic - Copper Amino Acid Chelate
What do pharmacological levels of Cu and Zn provide?
Antimicrobial properties and improved growth rates.
Lipids are ____ times more energy dense than carbohydrates
2.25x
Why low soybean meal in nursery pig diets?
It has antigenic protein that can cause inflammation and diarrhea
How many minutes of mixing in a well-maintained horizontal ribbon mixer?
3-5 minutes
What is the min amount of CP to be considered a protein supplement?
20%
Where can you find gastric pits and gastric glands?
stomach
What is retention time of digesta for pig? For chickens?
12-48 vs 3-6 hours
Pancreas function
Exocrine: secretes bicarbonate, lipases, amylase, nucleases, trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen, procarboxypeptidase
Endocrine: secretes insulin and glucagon
Crop function
- storage
- moistening of feed
- microbial activity
Proventriculus function
same function as stomach; secretes HCl, pepsinogen
How can you calculate calories in a feed?
Put 1g of feed into a bomb calorimeter. The amount of degree it raises 1000g of water water, is the amount of kcal in the feed.
What staining techniques can be used to overcome this?
- Hemotoxylin
- Eosin
- Nuclear fast red
- Alcian blue
What type of cells comprises the lining of the stomach? What do they do?
Fovealar cells which secrete an alkaline mucus which protects against the corrosive gastric acids
What is the epithelial lining of the small intestine comprised of?
- enterocytes
- enteroendocrine
- goblet cells
- paneth cells
What are the endogenous fractions?
- basal endogenous losses
- diet induced dietary losses
Endopeptidases
Hydrolyze internal peptide bonds. Specific endopeptidases include trypsin, chymotrypsin, and proelastase
Exopeptidase
catalyze the hydrolysis of peptide bonds at the C- or N-termus. Specific exopeptidases include Carboxypeptidase A and Carboxypeptidase B
What are the membrane-bound proteolytic enzymes in the intestine?
Enterokinase, Aminopeptidase, and Dipeptidase
How are free amino acids transported?
via transporters with the co-transport of Na
How are di- and tri-peptides transporter?
By Pept-1 with the cotransport of H
What are the different amino acid groups?
- Nonpolar (aliphatic)
- Polar, uncharged
- Aromatic
- Positively charged
- Negatively charged
In newly weaned pigs, what amino acid could be low even if the concentrations are at the requirement?
Isoleucine
lingual vs pancreatic lipases
lingual lipases: active in the stomach and do not require emulsification
pancreatic lipases: require emulsification of fat by bile salts
How is amylopectin digested?
Oligo-1,6-glucosidase breaks down side chains
How and where are free fatty acids absorbed?
across the brush border membrane of enterocytes in the small acids
