Review

Question 1

Organic vs inorganic copper source?

Answer 1

Inorganic - Copper Sulfate
Organic - Copper Amino Acid Chelate

Question 2

What do pharmacological levels of Cu and Zn provide?

Answer 2

Antimicrobial properties and improved growth rates.

Question 3

Lipids are ____ times more energy dense than carbohydrates

Answer 3

2.25x

Question 4

Why low soybean meal in nursery pig diets?

Answer 4

It has antigenic protein that can cause inflammation and diarrhea

Question 5

How many minutes of mixing in a well-maintained horizontal ribbon mixer?

Answer 5

3-5 minutes

Question 6

What is the min amount of CP to be considered a protein supplement?

Answer 6

20%

Question 7

Where can you find gastric pits and gastric glands?

Answer 7

stomach

Question 8

What is retention time of digesta for pig? For chickens?

Answer 8

12-48 vs 3-6 hours

Question 9

Pancreas function

Answer 9

Exocrine: secretes bicarbonate, lipases, amylase, nucleases, trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen, procarboxypeptidase

Endocrine: secretes insulin and glucagon

Question 10

Crop function

Answer 10

1. storage
2. moistening of feed
3. microbial activity

Question 11

Proventriculus function

Answer 11

same function as stomach; secretes HCl, pepsinogen

Question 12

How can you calculate calories in a feed?

Answer 12

Put 1g of feed into a bomb calorimeter. The amount of degree it raises 1000g of water water, is the amount of kcal in the feed.

Question 13

What staining techniques can be used to overcome this?

Answer 13

1. Hemotoxylin
2. Eosin
3. Nuclear fast red
4. Alcian blue

Question 14

What type of cells comprises the lining of the stomach? What do they do?

Answer 14

Fovealar cells which secrete an alkaline mucus which protects against the corrosive gastric acids

Question 15

What is the epithelial lining of the small intestine comprised of?

Answer 15

1. enterocytes
2. enteroendocrine
3. goblet cells
4. paneth cells

Question 16

What are the endogenous fractions?

Answer 16

1. basal endogenous losses
2. diet induced dietary losses

Question 17

Endopeptidases

Answer 17

Hydrolyze internal peptide bonds. Specific endopeptidases include trypsin, chymotrypsin, and proelastase

Question 18

Exopeptidase

Answer 18

catalyze the hydrolysis of peptide bonds at the C- or N-termus. Specific exopeptidases include Carboxypeptidase A and Carboxypeptidase B

Question 19

What are the membrane-bound proteolytic enzymes in the intestine?

Answer 19

Enterokinase, Aminopeptidase, and Dipeptidase

Question 20

How are free amino acids transported?

Answer 20

via transporters with the co-transport of Na

Question 21

How are di- and tri-peptides transporter?

Answer 21

By Pept-1 with the cotransport of H

Question 22

What are the different amino acid groups?

Answer 22

1. Nonpolar (aliphatic)
2. Polar, uncharged
3. Aromatic
4. Positively charged
5. Negatively charged

Question 23

In newly weaned pigs, what amino acid could be low even if the concentrations are at the requirement?

Answer 23

Isoleucine

Question 24

lingual vs pancreatic lipases

Answer 24

lingual lipases: active in the stomach and do not require emulsification
pancreatic lipases: require emulsification of fat by bile salts

Question 25

How is amylopectin digested?

Answer 25

Oligo-1,6-glucosidase breaks down side chains

Question 26

How and where are free fatty acids absorbed?

Answer 26

across the brush border membrane of enterocytes in the small acids