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ANSC 326 - Non Ruminant Nutrition > Nutrients > Flashcards

Nutrients Flashcards

1
Q

Maintenance vs Production

A

Maintenance: maintain body function without gain or loss of body weight
Production: level of nutrient intake necessary to support process beyond maintenance

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2
Q

What are examples of production?

A

a. growth
b. production of eggs, hair, or wool
c. lactation
d. work
e. reproduction

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3
Q

What are some examples of non-nutritive additives?

A

a. Antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics
b. Coloring agents, flavoring agents
c. Antioxidants
d. Dietary acidifiers
e. Mycotoxin binders

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4
Q

Which vitamins can be stored in tissues?

A

Fat-soluble

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5
Q

What are examples of fat-soluble vitamins?

A

A, D, E, K

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6
Q

What are examples of water-soluble vitamins?

A

Choline, riboflavin, pantothenic acid, B12, niacin

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7
Q

What are the major macro-minerals?

A

Ca, P, Na, Cl, S, Mg, K

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8
Q

What are the major micro-minerals?

A

Fe, Mn, I, Zn, Cu, Se, Mo

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9
Q

Can a mineral be organic?

A

No, but it can be bound to an organic molecule. These typically have slightly higher bioavailability than inorganic forms.

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10
Q

What would an inorganic source of copper be? Organic?

A

Inorganic - Copper Sulfate
Organic - Copper Amino Acid Chelate

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11
Q

What do pharmacological levels of Cu and Zn provide?

A

Antimicrobial properties and improved growth rates.

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12
Q

How much fat/lipid is added for dust control?

A

1%

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13
Q

How much fat/lipid is added or energy?

A

2-5%

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14
Q

Lipids are ____ times more energy dense than carbohydrates

A

2.25x

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15
Q

What are animal fat sources?

A

choice white grease, beef tallow, poultry fat

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16
Q

What are typical plant fat sources?

A

corn oil, soybean oil, canola oil, vegetable oil

17
Q

Which oil is more digestible: unsaturated or saturated?

A

unsaturated

18
Q

When fat is added to the diet, what synthesis is reduced?

A

de novo fatty acid synthesis

19
Q

What are structural carbohydrates?

A
  1. Cellulose
  2. Hemicellulose
  3. Lignin
20
Q

What are non-structural carbohydrates?

A
  1. Starch
  2. Sugars
21
Q

What are the starches?

A

Amylose and Amylopectin

22
Q

What is amylose?

A

A linear chain of glycose molecules connected via a-1,4 glycosidic bonds

23
Q

What is amylopectin?

A

Branched chains of glucose molecules connected through a-1,4 and a-1,6 glycosidic bonds

24
Q

What is cellulose?

A

A linear chain of glucose molecules linked via B-1,4 glycosidic bonds. Not easily digested by non-ruminants

25
Q

What are the 10 essential amino acids for swine?

A
  1. Phe
  2. Val
  3. Thr
  4. Trp
  5. Ile
  6. Met
  7. His
  8. Arg
  9. Lys
  10. Leu
26
Q

What can methionine be converted into?

A

Cystine

27
Q

What can phenylalanine be converted into?

A

Tyrosine

28
Q

What is the limiting amino acid for pigs?

A

Lysine

29
Q

What is the limiting amino acid for cattle?

A

Lysine, methionine

30
Q

What is the limiting amino acid for poultry?

A

methionine

31
Q

What are functions of amino acids?

A

protection, enzymes, hormones, transport

32
Q

What are the Dangers of Water Loss? (1%)

A

impairs thermoregulation

33
Q

What are the Dangers of Water Loss? (3%)

A

Dry mouth

34
Q

What are the Dangers of Water Loss? (5%)

A

difficulty concentrating, headache, sleepiness

35
Q

What are the Dangers of Water Loss? (10%)

A

disturbances of body function, life threatening

36
Q

What are the Dangers of Water Loss? (20%)

A

death

37
Q

What is pinocytosis?

A

Process where nutrients are engulfed through vesicle formation

38
Q

What are the different methods that nutrients are absorbed from the lumen into the blood?

A
  1. Passive transport
  2. Active Transport
  3. Pinocytosis

ANSC 326 - Non Ruminant Nutrition (20 decks)

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