Energy Flashcards
How does bomb calorimetry work?
Surround a feed sample with a vessel jacketed with water and measuring the increase in water temp
What is heat increment?
energy lost during digestion and metabolism, this is measured using a respiration chamber
How are fats stored?
triglycerides
How are fats broken down?
triglycerides are broken down into free fatty acids and monoglycerides by lipases. they cleave the FA at the first and third position
lingual vs pancreatic lipases
lingual lipases: active in the stomach and do not require emulsification
pancreatic lipases: require emulsification of fat by bile salts
What fatty acids have higher absorbability?
unsaturated fatty acids such as lard
How and where are free fatty acids absorbed?
across the brush border membrane of enterocytes in the small acids
Where are long chain FA transported?
lymphatic system (birds are exception, circulatory system)
Where are short and medium chain FA transported?
circulatory system
Why is DDGS reduced in finishing diets?
Corn DDGS has unsaturated oils which can have adverse effects on carcass quality. It does not hold its shape well and can have fat layer separation
Benefits of adding high fat?
- improve feed intake in the hot summer months
- slows passage rate of digestion, which allows more time for digestion of other nutrients
- dust control
What are the two major categories of carbohydrates?
- Starch - amylose and amylopectin
- Non-starch polysaccharides - cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin
How is amylose digested?
Amylose is broken down into maltose by amylase.
Maltose is broken down into glucose by maltase.
How is amylopectin digested?
Oligo-1,6-glucosidase breaks down side chains
When is protein used for energy?
when glycogen and fat stores have been depleted. not ideal because it involves breakdown of muscle
