By-product Feeding Flashcards
What are by-products?
Feeds that are produced in conjunction with the primary production of another feed
What are common byproducts?
- Corn dried distillers grain with soluble
- bakery waste
- soybean hulls
What is DDGS a byproduct of?
ethanol
How is ethanol made?
corn is ground, moisture is added, and the mixture is fermented using yeast. (starch becomes ethanol)
What is left of the DDGS?
corn protein, corn oil, fiber, minerals, and yeast cells
What can be found in high concentrations in DDGS?
Protein, oil, and mineral concentration are triple that of corn
Difference in energy between DDGS and corn? Why?
They are the same, starch which would have been used for energy has now been converted to ethanol. Higher oil concentrations make up the difference.
What is ethanol used for?
an oxygenate in fuel, added at a concentration of 10-15%
When DDGS is dried for too long or too high of a temperature, what happens?
proteins are denatured, undergo Maillard reaction, and the color becomes a dark brown color
What can cause variability in DDGS?
- Amount of oil removed
- Amount of solubles blended back in
- Phytase activity in the fermentation vat
- Measurement errors (lysine)
What are environmental concerns with using DDGS?
- Potential for excess nitrogen excretion
- Potential for increased phosphorus excretion
- Increased dry matter excretion
Why does dry matter excretion increase?
Higher amounts of fiber which is indigestible by the pig.
What effect does DDGS have on the carcass?
Fat becomes softer, more prone to separation of fat layers, and it does not hold up well during the mechanical processing.
Remove 6-8 weeks before market
Why might we see an increase in Sulfur? Why is this bad?
Sulfuric acid is used to control the pH of the fermentation vat. If high it can be toxic
