Feed Additives Flashcards
What is the function of non-nutritive feed additives?
- Improve feed quality
- Improve animal health
- Enhance production
- Improve meat quality
Function of antibiotics?
It used to be used as a growth promoter but the FDA stopped its use in 2017.
What needs to approve antibiotic use?
Veterinary Feed Directive
What swine period might need antibiotic use?
Nursery period, immune systems are still developing
What is the function of anthelmintics?
it is a drug that acts on internal parasites like dewormers
What is the function of antioxidants?
prevents oxidation in feed, particularly of fat, which may create an off flavor
What are common antioxidants?
ethoxyquin, BHT, BHA, and propyl gallate
What is the function of enzymes?
improve digestibility and animal health
What are enzymes that can be added to diet?
- Phytase
- xylanase
- beta-glucanase
- pectinase
- cellulase
- amylase
- protease
What does phytase do?
It hydrolysis the phosphate from phytate, which not only is indigestible but can also decrease the digestibility of other nutrients.
Phytate can become phytic acid
What is another name for probiotics?
Direct fed microbials
What is the function of probiotics?
feed microorganisms to alter the gut microbiome, and limit pathogenic growth
Classes of probiotics?
- Lactic acid producing bacteria
- Bacillus
- Saccharomyces yeast
What causes gastrointestinal disease?
pathogenic bacteria propagates unchecked and reaches a critical mass
What is the function of prebiotics?
provide substrate which allows for the growth of certain strains of microorganisms
What is an example of a prebiotic?
Fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS)
What is the function of beta-agonists?
mimic norepinephrine/epinephrine to stimulate adrenergic receptors making the pig more lean and less fat
What it the function of flavors?
enhance palatability of feed
What is the function of pharmacological concentration of Cu and Zn?
have some bacteriostatic or bactericidal properties
Cu may also affect immune system
What is the function of essential oils?
positive effects on growth and health, antimicrobial, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory properties
What is the function of pellet binders?
helps the pellet “stick” together
What the categories of pellet-binders?
- lignin-based binds
- hemicellulose-based binders
- clay or mineral binders
- other binders (gums, resins, starches)
What is the function of methane inhibitors?
reduce methane (greenhouse gas) emissions.
Example is 3NOP
What is the function of mycotoxin binders?
renders mycotoxins ineffective (toxic compound produced by fungi in crops)
