Feed Ingredients Flashcards
What are the 8 Ingredient Classifications?
- Dry forages and roughages
- Pasture, range plants, and forages fed green
- Silages
- Energy feeds
- Protein supplements
- Mineral supplements
- Vitamin supplements
- Additives
Who reviews nutrient requirements and publishes them?
National Research Council
What do you need to consider when selecting ingredients?
- availability of ingredients
- bioavailability of nutrients in ingredients
- nutrient concentrations in the ingredient
- cost of ingredient
- handling characteristics of ingredient
- palatability
What are some examples of non-nutritive additives?
a. Antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics
b. Coloring agents, flavoring agents
c. Antioxidants
d. Dietary acidifiers
e. Phytase, carbohydrase, protease
What is an example of a vitamin supplement?
Choline chloride - methyl donor
What are some mineral supplements? What do they provide?
a. limestone (Ca)
b. mono- or di-calcium phosphate (Ca & P)
c. Salt (Na & Cl)
d. Zinc oxide (Zn)
e. Copper sulfate (Cu & S)
What are some protein supplements?
a. Soybean meal
b. Soy protein byproducts
c. Corn DDGS
d. Canola meal
e. Fish meal
f. Spray-dried plasma
Which protein supplements are better for nursery diets? Which ones can’t?
- Soy protein byproducts, fish meal, spray-dried plasma
- Soybean meal has antigenic protein which cause inflammation
What are some energy feeds?
a. corn
b. wheat
c. barley
d. sorghum
e. oil
What is the target particle size of corn?
650-750 microns
Which energy feed is good for fiber?
Barley
Hammer vs roller mill?
Hammer can get finer particles more quickly, but there is more variation in size and shape.
What happens if particle size is too small?
- Poor flowability
- more energy needed to crush
- gastric ulcer
- respiratory issues
What happens if the particle is too large?
- Poor digestibility
- reduced pellet quality
- selective feeding (by birds)
What is the feed mixing order?
- Ingredients with a higher inclusion rate are added first
- Liquid ingredients last
