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Pharmacy > Review > Flashcards

Review Flashcards

1
Q

what do you use to prescribe single meds

A

dd1289

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2
Q

what is the poly script

A

navmed 6710/6

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3
Q

should you use RX short hand

A

no

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4
Q

what is pharmacokinetic

A

movement of the drug after it enters the body

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5
Q

what does active absorption mean

A

using atp to move drug accross the membrane

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6
Q

what is pharmacodymanics?

A

interactions of the effects within the body

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7
Q

what is physical dependence

A

compulsion to use due to withdrawal

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8
Q

agonist

A

drug that binds to a receptor to make a therapeutic response

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9
Q

antagonist

A

binds to a receptor stronger than the agonist blocking it (naloxone)

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10
Q

additive drug reaction

A

multiple drugs combining producing an effect equal to the sum

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11
Q

synergistic reaction

A

greater than the sum (potassium and PCN)

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12
Q

does gender have an effect on drug effect

A

yes

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13
Q

1 cc is equal to ?

A

1 ml

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14
Q

how many mcg are in a mg

A

1000

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15
Q

oral routes of meds

A

oral
bucal
sublingual
ng

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16
Q

what is parenteral

A

drug entering the body not through the GI tract

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17
Q

fastest way to give meds

A

IV

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18
Q

what class does sedatives and hypnotics have

A

barbiturates’

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19
Q

whats an example of a barbiturate

A

phenobarbital

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20
Q

anti anx meds are

A

Nonbenzos
benzos

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21
Q

examples of benzos

A

diazepam
lorazepam

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22
Q

how do benzos work

A

bind to specific benzo receptors in GABA receptor complex enhancing binding of inhibitory neurotransmiter

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23
Q

how do nonbenzos work?

A

Act on dopamine and serotonin receptors

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24
Q

what is the go to for anti depresso meds

A

SSRI
SNRI

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25
Q

how do SSRI and SNRIs work?

A

Increase serotonin by inhibiting neuronal uptake to CNS

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26
Q

how long does it take for SSRIs to take effect

A

4-6 weeks

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27
Q

SNRI examples

A

Venlafaxine, Duloxetine

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28
Q

SSRI examples

A

1) Citalopram: Celexa
2) Fluoxetine: Prozac
3) Sertraline: Zoloft
4) Paroxetine: Paxil

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29
Q

how do anti psychotics work?

A

Block dopamine receptors in the brain

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30
Q

example of 1st gen antipsyco

A

Haloperidol

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31
Q

how to anticonvulsants work?

A

Reduction of excitability of the neurons of the brain

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32
Q

examples of anti convulsant

A

Diazepam, Phenytoin, Midazolam

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33
Q

examples of antiemetics

A

Ondansetron, Promethazine, Phenothiazines

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34
Q

Antivertigo meds

A

Benzodiazepines:
Diphenhydramine:
Meclizine

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35
Q

local anesthesia works by

A

inhibiting transport of ions across neuronal membranes

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36
Q

What effect does ketamine have on pain

A

dissociated from the surroundings and pain

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37
Q

do not use consious sedation and analgesia on people who have

A

Known or suspected
schizophrenia

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38
Q

If giving Ketamine IM for pain control

A

give 20-40 mg IM

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39
Q

ex of local anesthesia

A

Lidocaine:
bupivacaine

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40
Q

classes of analgesics

A

(a) Salicylate
(b) Non-salicylate
(c) Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDS)
(d) Urinary Analgesics

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41
Q

ex of salicylate

A

asprin

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42
Q

why wouldnt you give aspin to children

A

ray syndrome

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43
Q

use of nonsalicylate

A

(a) Relieve mild to moderate pain
(b) Reduce body temperature (antipyretic)
(c) Arthritis

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44
Q

Nsaids
COX-1 & COX-2 are resp for

A

prostaglandin
synthesis

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45
Q

ex of nsaids

A

ketorolac
ibuprophen
Naproxen:
Celecoxib
Meloxicam
Indomethacin:

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46
Q

ex of urinary anegesic

A

phenzopyridine

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47
Q

Pyridium is known to turn the patient’s urine

A

a reddish-orange color that can
stain undergarments

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48
Q

The result of opioids is to

A

alteration to
the perception of and response to pain

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49
Q

contraindication to opioids

A

Head injury or increased ICP
Hypoxia
Hepatic impairment
Hypersensitive to opioids or naloxone

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50
Q

Examples of opioid agonists

A

Hydromorphone:
Methadone:
Morphine sulfate
Oxycodone:
Hydrocodone:
Codeine:

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51
Q

the Narcotic Antagonist is what

A

naloxone

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52
Q

Highest of histamines are amount found in

A

basophils
(WBC) and mast cells

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53
Q

H¹ - antihistamines where

A

in mast cells
smooth muscle, and endothelium in the body as well as in the in the brain

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54
Q

2nd Generation Antihistamines

A

1) Cetirizine HCL: Zyrtec
2) Fexofenadine: Allegra
3) Loratadine: Claritin

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55
Q

1st Generation Antihistamines

A

1) Diphenhydramine:
2) Hydroxyzine:
3) Promethazine:

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56
Q

examples of decongestants

A

Oxymetazoline HCL
Pseudoephedrine
Phenylephrine

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57
Q

Oxymetazoline HCL: Notorious for causing rebound congestion when used for more than______

A

3 days consecutively

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58
Q

ex. Beta² Agonists

A

Albuterol sulfate
Levalbuterol HCL

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59
Q

Beta² Agonists is it gonna be less affective if the pt is taking what?

A

beta blocker

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60
Q

contraindication for albuterol

A

Cardiac arrhythmias,

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61
Q

ex of muscarinic

A

Ipratropium:
Tiotropium:

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62
Q

Mast Cell Stabilizer what do?

A

Inhibit the release of substances that cause
bronchoconstriction and inflammation from the mast cells in the respiratory tract

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63
Q

what is the action for Inhaled Corticosteroids

A

Decrease inflammatory process in the airway through inhibiting multiple
different inflammatory cytokines

64
Q

ex of Inhaled Corticosteroids

A

Fluticasone
Budesonide

65
Q

Antitussives
Central acting vs Peripheral acting

A

Central: Depresses cough center. medulla

Peripheral: Anesthetize stretch receptors

66
Q

Examples anti tussive

A

Codeine sulfate
Benzonatate:
Dextromethorphan:
Diphenhydramine:

67
Q

Mucolytic and Expectorants what do

A

Loosens and mobilize thick mucus from respiratory system

68
Q

ex of Mucolytic:

A

Acetylcysteine:

69
Q

ex of Expectorant:

A

Guaifenesin:

70
Q

Cardiac arrhythmias what is

A

Abnormal electric current in the heart

71
Q

Class 1 anti arrhythmic

A

Lidocaine…
-raises the threshold in the
ventricular myocardium
-Depresses myocardial excitability to electrical stimuli thus
decreasing the pulse rate

72
Q

Class 2:

A

beta blockers
block stimulation of the beta receptors

73
Q

Class 3:

A

Amiodarone
Blockade of Na or K channels

74
Q

Class 4:

A

Verapamil
blocks calcium channels used in production of muscle contraction and electrical conduction

75
Q

?how do nitrates work

A

relaxes smooth muscle of blood vessels

76
Q

ACE inhibitors do what and how

A

Lower blood pressure by dilating or increasing the size of the arterial blood
vessels.

inhibits the conversation of angiotensin I to angiotensin II.

77
Q

Ace inhibiters examples

A

Lisinopril
Captopril
Enalapril
Ramipril

78
Q

CCB examples

A

Diltiazem:
Verapamil:

79
Q

Beta² -
adrenergic receptors are found mainly in

A

bronchial and vascular smooth muscle
and the uterus

80
Q

Beta¹ -
adrenergic receptor sites are located chiefly in the

A

heart where stimulation
results in increased heart rate, contractility, and AV conduction

81
Q

contraindication for beta blockers

A

Sinus bradycardia

82
Q

beta blockers example

A

Metoprolol
Propanolol:
Atenolol

83
Q

Diuretics classes to pay attention to

A

Loop Diuretics
Thiazide

84
Q

Loop Diuretics example

A

Furosemide

85
Q

Thiazide diuretics example

A

Hydrochlorothiazide

86
Q

Hyperlipidemia
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors do what?

A

Inhibit an enzyme involved in
cholesterol synthesis

87
Q

HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitors example
(statins)

A

Atorvastatin
Simvastatin

88
Q

Antacids work how

A

NEUTRILIZE or reduce the acidity of the stomach and duodenal contents by
combining with hydrochloric acid and producing salt and water

89
Q

contraindication for antacids

A

Severe abdominal pain of unknown cause.

90
Q

Histamine H² Antagonist does what

A

Inhibit the actions of histamine at histamine H² receptor cells of the stomach, which REDUCE the secretion of gastric acid.

91
Q

ex. Histamine H² Antagonist

A

Famotidine:
Cimetidine

92
Q

Proton Pump Inhibitors work by

A

SUPRESS gastric acid secretion

……..by blocking the final step in the production of gastric acid be the gastric mucosa

93
Q

Proton Pump Inhibitors
Examples:

A

Esomeprazole
Omeprazole
Pantoprazole
Rabeprazole
Lansoprazole

94
Q

Antidiarrheal works how?

A

Decrease intestinal peristalsis, which is usually increased in a patient with
diarrhea

95
Q

When can you not give an antidiarrheal

A

Diarrhea associated with organisms
Abdominal pain of unknown origin

96
Q

Antidiarrheal
example

A

loperamide

97
Q

Anti-flatulents
how work?

A

Simethicone has a defoaming action that disperses and prevents the formation of mucus-surrounded gas pockets in the intestine

98
Q

Laxatives action
Bulk-producing

A

Not digested by the body, adds bulk. The added bulk in the intestines stimulates
peristalsis.

99
Q

Laxatives action
Emollient

A

Lubricate the intestinal walls and soften the stool

100
Q

Laxatives Action:
Hyperosmolar

A

Dehydrate local tissue causes irritation and increases peristalsis.

101
Q

Laxatives Action:
Irritant or stimulant

A

Increase peristalsis by direct action on the intestine

102
Q

Laxatives Action:
Saline

A

Attract or pull water into the intestine

103
Q

Emollient:
example

A

Mineral oil

104
Q

Bulk-forming
example

A

Psyllium Metamucil
Methylcellulose
Polycarbophil
Wheat dextrin

105
Q

Hyperosmolar\
example

A

Glycerin
Polyethylene glycol (PEG)
Lactulose
Sorbitol

106
Q

Irritant or stimulant
example

A

Bisacodyl
Senna:

107
Q

Saline:
example

A

Magnesium citrate
Milk of magnesia

108
Q

Excessive or prolonged use of Hemorrhoid agents may lead to…..

A

atrophy of the affected tissues

109
Q

Excessive or prolonged use of Hemorrhoid agents may lead to…..

A

atrophy of the affected tissues

110
Q

Oral Antidiabetics
Sulfonylureas action

A

lower blood glucose by stimulating beta cells of pancreas to make more insulin.

111
Q

Oral Antidiabetics
Biguanides action

A

reduces hepatic glucose production and increases insulin sensitivity in muscle and fat cell

112
Q

Sulfonylureas
Examples:

A

Glyburide

113
Q

Examples:
Biguanides

A

Metformin

114
Q

Contraindication
Oral Antidiabetics

A

-severe Infection
-Sulfonylureas are not recommended in patients who have allergy to sulfonamides
-can cause or exacerbate congestive heart failure (CHF) in some patients.

115
Q

Estrogens

A

inhibitions of ovulation

116
Q

Progestin

A

maturation of the ovarian
follicle and ovulation.

117
Q

Emergency Contraceptive is what

A

Levonorgestrel

118
Q

oral BC
Risks of thromboembolic disease is increased in females __ years or older that use ____

A

35, tobacco

119
Q

SULFONAMIDES used to control

A

urinary tract infections caused by E coli, Staphylococcus aureus

120
Q

SULFONAMIDES:
examples

A

Silver Sulfadiazine
Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole

121
Q

PENICILLINS
bactericidal or bacteriostatic
examples:

A

bactericidal
(a) PEN VK
(b) Amoxicillin: Amoxil
(c) Amoxicillin/Clavulanate:

122
Q

CEPHALOSPORINES
bactericidal or bacteriostatic
examples:

A

bactericidal
CEF drugs…

123
Q

TETRACYCLINES
bactericidal or bacteriostatic
examples:

A

bacteriostatic
(a) Doxycycline
(b) Tetracycline
(c) Minocycline

124
Q

TETRACYCLINES
Adverse Reactions

A

Gastrointestinal upset, photosensitivity.

125
Q

MACROLIDES
bactericidal or bacteriostatic
examples:

A

bacteriostatic
(a) Azithromycin: Zithromax
(b) Erythromycin (Alternate therapy and off label use for acne).
(c) Clarithromycin
(d) Teithromycin

126
Q

Fluoroquinolones
bactericidal or bacteriostatic
examples:

A

bactericidal
(a) Ciprofloxacin: Cipro
(b) Levofloxacin: Levaquin

127
Q

Fluoroquinolones serious adverse reactions that have occurred together including
,

A

tendinitis and tendon rupture

128
Q

Aminoglycosides
bactericidal or bacteriostatic
examples:

A

bactericidal
(a) Gentamicin
(b) Neomycin

129
Q

Aminoglycosides
Adverse Reactions:

A

(a) Nephrotoxicity
(b) Ototoxicity
(c) Neurotoxicity

130
Q

Carbapenems
bactericidal or bacteriostatic
examples:

A

bacteriostatic
(a) Imipenem: Primaxin
(b) Meropenem: Merrem
(c) Ertapenem: Invanz

131
Q

use what class of antibotic for
Severe infections with drug resistant organisms, hospital acquired pneumonia, meningitis, intra-abdominal infections, prosthetic joint infection, necrotizing soft
tissue infections, and pyelonephritis

A

Carbapenems

132
Q

Lincosamide
bactericidal or bacteriostatic
examples

A

Both
a) Clindamycin
b) Lincomycin

133
Q

Lincosamide uses

A

Bacterial vaginosis
Toxic shock syndrome
Bite wound, prophylaxis or treatment, animal or human bite

134
Q

Antivirals action

A

Most agents inhibit viral replication

135
Q

Antivirals
Examples:

A

(a) Acyclovir: Zovirax
(b) Vancyclovir: Valtrex
(c) Penciclovir (topical): Denavir
(d) Oseltamivir: Tamiflu

136
Q

Adverse Reaction
Corticosteroid
big bad

A

Cushing’s syndrome
adrenal insufficiency If abrupt cessation of medication occurs

137
Q

Corticosteroids
examples

A

(a) Hydrocortisone: Solu-Cortef
(b) Prednisone
(c) Triamcinolone: Kenalog
(d) Methylprednisolone: Solu-Medrol
(e) Dexamethasone: Decadron

138
Q

Antimigraine action

A

Acts on intracranial blood vessels and sensory nerves of the trigeminal system

139
Q

Antimigraine
Examples:

A

(a) Rizatriptan: Maxalt
(b) Sumatriptan: Imitrex

140
Q

Keratolytic used for?

A

warts

141
Q

Keratolytic
examples

A

(a) Podofilox 0.5% topical solution and gel: Condylox
(b) Salicylic acid gel 17%: Compound-W

142
Q

eye antiviral preparation Ganciclovir is used for?

A

Prevention of cytomegalovirus

143
Q

is a lozenge an oral tab?

A

NO its a lozenge…..

144
Q

Partial Nicotine Agonist?

A

Varenicline

145
Q

overall resp for CSIB prog

A

CO

146
Q

minimum of ___ safes are required for security of controlled substances

A

two

147
Q

Prescriptions for controlled substances SHALL NOT be issued by an IDC while in their homeport, unless ____

A

an emergency situation exists and treatment will be delayed.

148
Q

A person receiving a controlled substance will not normally be returned to duty for a period of?

A

of 8 hours

149
Q

The board will perform inventories how often?

A

every 90 days
within 30 days of any transaction

150
Q

NAVMED 6710/22

A

coversheet

151
Q

NAVMED 6710/23

A

audit

152
Q

NAVMED 6710/5

A

perpetual inventory

153
Q

form utilized during all destructions

A

DD 200

154
Q

DEA form 106,

A

Report of Theft of Controlled Substances

155
Q

Creatine Over use associated with ____

A

stroke

156
Q

how do Barbiturates work

A

depress the sensory cortex, decrease motor activity, alter cerebellar function, and produce drowsiness, sedation, and hypnosis

157
Q

In high doses, Barbiturates exhibit what?

A

anticonvulsant activity

Pharmacy (30 decks)

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