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Pharmacy > drugs that affect the gastrointestinal system > Flashcards

drugs that affect the gastrointestinal system Flashcards

1
Q

What Class action?
Neutralize or reduce the acidity of the stomach and duodenal contents by combining with hydrochloric acid and producing salt and water.

A

Antacids

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2
Q

You have a pt with one or more of these issues what class of drug should you administer?

(a) Heartburn
(b) Gastroesophageal reflux. Antacids do not prevent gastroesophageal reflux, their role is limited to intermittent (on-demand) use for relief of mild reflux.
(c) Sour stomach
(d) Acid indigestion
(e) Peptic ulcer

A

Antacids

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3
Q

Adverse reactions of what class?
(a) May have a laxative effect and produce diarrhea.
(b) Aluminum and calcium containing products tend to produce constipation.
(c) Aluminum containing antacids: Constipation, intestinal impaction, anorexia, weakness, tremors, and bone pain.
(d) Magnesium containing antacids: Severe diarrhea, dehydration, and
hypermagnesemia (nausea, vomiting, hypotension, decreased respirations).
(e) Calcium containing antacids: Rebound hyperacidity, metabolic alkalosis, hypercalcemia, vomiting, confusion, headache, renal calculi, and neurologic impairment.
(f) Sodium bicarbonate: Systemic alkalosis, rebound hypersecretion

A

Anti acids

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4
Q

You have a pt with one or more of these issues can you administer antacids?
(a) Severe abdominal pain of unknown cause.
(b) Sodium containing: Patients with cardiovascular problems such as hypertension or CHF.
(c) Calcium containing: Renal calculi or hypercalcemia.

A

Contraindicated

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5
Q

These Drugs are in what class?
(a) Aluminum hydroxide gel
(b) Magnesium hydroxide (Milk of Magnesia)
(c) Calcium carbonate: Tums
(d) Calcium carbonate/magnesium hydroxide: Rolaids
(e) Sodium citrate/citric acid: Bicitra, Oracit

A

Antacids

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6
Q

What class of drug?
Inhibit the actions of histamine at histamine H² receptor cells of the stomach, which then reduces the secretion of gastric acid.

A

Histamine H² Antagonist

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7
Q

You have a pt with one or more of these issues what class of drug should you administer?

(a) Treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers.
(b) Gastric hyper secretory conditions.
(c) Gastroesophageal reflux
(d) Prevention of stress related ulcers.
(e) Acute upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding.

A

Histamine H² Antagonist

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8
Q

Adverse effects of what class?
(a) Dizziness
(b) Somnolence
(c) Headache
(d) Confusion
(e) Hallucinations
(f) Diarrhea
(g) Impotence

A

Histamine H² Antagonist

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9
Q

Contraindication for Histamine H² Antagonist

A

hypersensitivity

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10
Q

These drugs are in what class?
(a) Cimetidine: Tagamet
(b) Famotidine: Pepcid
(c) Ranitidine: Zantac

A

Histamine H² Antagonist

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11
Q

The FDA in apr 2020 is requesting manufacturers to withdraw all prescription (including oral and injectable) and over-the-counter (OTC). What medication?

A

Ranitidine: Zantac

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12
Q

Action of what drug class?
Suppress gastric acid secretion by blocking the final step in the production of gastric acid be the gastric mucosa

A

Proton Pump Inhibitors

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13
Q

You have a pt with one or more of these issues what class of drug should you administer?
(a) Treatment of gastric or duodenal ulcers.
(b) Gastroesophageal reflux disease
(c) Pathological hypersecretory conditions
(d) Severe heartburn
(e) Erosive esophagitis
(f) Ulcers with Helicobacter pylori
(g) Recommendations for the treatment of GERD in pregnancy are available.

A

Proton Pump Inhibitors

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14
Q

These drugs are part of what class?
(a) Esomeprazole: Nexium.
(b) Omeprazole: Prilosec
(c) Pantoprazole: Protonix
(d) Rabeprazole: Aciphex
(e) Lansoprazole: Prevacid

A

Proton Pump Inhibitors (zole)

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15
Q

ontraindication/Warning/Caution what class?
-Hypersensitivity
-There is risk of osteoporosis resulting from high dose and chronic use of PPIs
due to a decrease in calcium absorption in the GI tract.

A

Proton Pump Inhibitors

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16
Q

Administer Proton Pump Inhibitors
__ to__ minutes before a meal; best if taken before breakfast. If administering twice daily, first dose should be administered ____ breakfast and the second dose ____ dinner.

A

30 to 60
Before
before

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17
Q

Action for what class ?
Decrease intestinal peristalsis, which is usually increased in a patient with
diarrhea.

A

Antidiarrheal

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18
Q

You have a patient with diarrhea what class of drug should you administer?

A

Antidiarrheal

19
Q

Antidiarrheal Adverse Effects:
Minimal adverse reactions are associated with ______ use. Occasionally abdominal discomfort, pain and distention occur.

A

Loperamide

20
Q

You have a pt with one or more of these issues should you administer
Antidiarrheal meds

(a) Diarrhea associated with organisms that can harm the intestinal mucosa
(Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella). Must rule out infectious cause.
(b) Pseudomembranous colitis (Clostridium difficile colitis)
(c) Abdominal pain of unknown origin.
(d) Obstructive jaundice

A

No

21
Q

Loperamide is an example of what drug class

A

Antidiarrheal

22
Q

Anti-flatulents class Actions
______has a defoaming action that disperses and prevents the formation of
mucus-surrounded gas pockets in the intestine.

A

Simethicone

23
Q

What class of drug should you administer.
Painful symptoms from excess gas in the digestive tract.

A

Anti-flatulents
Simethicone

24
Q

Are there any adverse reactions related to anti-flatulents

A

no

25
Q

What is a contraindication to an Anti-flatulent

A

Hypersensitivity to simethicone or any component of the formulation

26
Q

Simethicone is what class of drug?

A

Anti-flatulents

27
Q

Use of what Class
(a) Short term relief or preventions of constipation.
(b) Certain stimulant, emollient, and saline laxatives are used to empty the colon for
rectal and bowel examinations.

A

Laxatives

28
Q

Your patient has one or both of these issues can you give laxities?
(a) Persistent abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting of unknown cause.
(b) Signs of acute appendicitis, fecal impaction, intestinal obstruction or acute
hepatitis.

A

no

29
Q

Action for what type of laxative?
Lubricate the intestinal walls and soften the stool, enhancing passage of fecal material.

  1. Bulk-producing
  2. Emollient
  3. Fecal softeners
  4. Hyperosmolar
  5. Irritant or stimulant
  6. Saline
A

Emollient

30
Q

Action for what type of laxative?
Not digested by the body and therefore adds bulk and water to the contents of the intestines. The added bulk in the intestines stimulates peristalsis.

  1. Bulk-producing
  2. Emollient
  3. Fecal softeners
  4. Hyperosmolar
  5. Irritant or stimulant
  6. Saline
A

Bulk-producing

31
Q

Action for what type of laxative?
Promote water retention in the fecal mass and soften the stool.

  1. Bulk-producing
  2. Emollient
  3. Fecal softeners
  4. Hyperosmolar
  5. Irritant or stimulant
  6. Saline
A

Fecal softeners

32
Q

Action for what type of laxative?
Dehydrate local tissue causes irritation and increases peristalsis

  1. Bulk-producing
  2. Emollient
  3. Fecal softeners
  4. Hyperosmolar
  5. Irritant or stimulant
  6. Saline
A

Hyperosmolar

33
Q

Action for what type of laxative?
Attract or pull water into the intestine, thereby increasing pressure in the intestine followed by an increase in peristalsis.

  1. Bulk-producing
  2. Emollient
  3. Fecal softeners
  4. Hyperosmolar
  5. Irritant or stimulant
  6. Saline
A

Saline

34
Q

Action for what type of laxative?
Increase peristalsis by direct action on the intestine.
1. Bulk-producing
2. Emollient
3. Fecal softeners
4. Hyperosmolar
5. Irritant or stimulant
6. Saline

A

Irritant or stimulant

35
Q

Laxatives
High doses or prolonged use can cause diarrhea and a loss of ____ or _____.

A

water or electrolytes.

36
Q

Examples of what type of laxative
-Glycerin (suppository)
-Polyethylene glycol (PEG): GoLYTELY, MiraLAX
-Lactulose: Enulose
-Sorbitol

  1. Bulk-producing
  2. Emollient
  3. Fecal softeners
  4. Hyperosmolar
  5. Irritant or stimulant
  6. Saline
A

hyperosmolar

37
Q

Examples of what type of laxative
-Docusate sodium (Colace)

  1. Bulk-producing
  2. Emollient
  3. Fecal softeners
  4. Hyperosmolar
  5. Irritant or stimulant
  6. Saline
A

Fecal softeners

38
Q

Examples of what type of laxative
-Bisacodyl: Dulcolax
-Senna: Senokot

  1. Bulk-producing
  2. Emollient
  3. Fecal softeners
  4. Hyperosmolar
  5. Irritant or stimulant
  6. Saline
A

Irritant or stimulant

39
Q

Examples of what type of laxative
-Magnesium citrate
-Milk of magnesia

  1. Bulk-producing
  2. Emollient
  3. Fecal softeners
  4. Hyperosmolar
  5. Irritant or stimulant
  6. Saline
A

Saline

40
Q

Examples of what type of laxative
-Mineral oil (enema)

  1. Bulk-producing
  2. Emollient
  3. Fecal softeners
  4. Hyperosmolar
  5. Irritant or stimulant
  6. Saline
A

emollient

41
Q

Examples of what type of laxative
-Psyllium Metamucil
-Methylcellulose: Citrucel
-Polycarbophil: FiberCon
-Wheat dextrin: Benefiber

  1. Bulk-producing
  2. Emollient
  3. Fecal softeners
  4. Hyperosmolar
  5. Irritant or stimulant
  6. Saline
A

Bulk-producing

42
Q

When administering Psyllium Metamucil you should tell your pt to drink at least ___ ounces of liquid with each dose

A

8

43
Q

Examples of what class?
(a) Hydrocortisone: Anusol HC 2.5% Rectal Cream
(b) Cortifoam 10% rectal Foam: Proctocort
(c) Proctocream HC 2.5% Rectal Cream: Aquacort
(d) Pramoxine: Proctofoam 1% rectal Foam
(e) Tux pads: Witch hazel

A

Hemorrhoid agents

44
Q

Treating the underlying hemorrhoidal condition are best achieved by increasing consumption of _____ , use of _______, applying warm sitz baths and invasive procedures.

A

fiber/fiber supplements
laxatives

Pharmacy (30 decks)

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