PRINCIPLES OF PHARMACOLOGY

Question 1

These factors alter?
-the drug form (tablet, capsule, sustained release, liquid)
- Route of administration
-Changes in Liver metabolism caused by dysfunction.
-G I mucosa and motility.
-Food and drugs
-Solubility: Drugs that are fat soluble are absorbed faster than water-soluble drugs.

Answer 1

Bioavailability

Question 2

Average weight for drugs is approximately ___ lbs

Answer 2

150

Question 3

DD 1289

Answer 3

DOD Prescription

Question 4

NAVMED 6710/6

Answer 4

Poly-prescription

Question 5

Controlled substances are only written on?

Answer 5

DD 1289

Question 6

Prescriptions are written on pencil or ink?

Answer 6

Ink

Question 7

Liver disease may affect ability to_______

Answer 7

metabolize or detoxify a drug

Question 8

What is required on an RX

Answer 8

-pt’s full name
-date of RX
-pt DOB
-full name of drug, form of drug, dosage/strength in metric, qty to dispense. write generically
-directions to pt
-provider sig
-refill auth

Question 9

The IDC on independent duty is not required to use a DD1289 for prescribing drugs other than?

Answer 9

Controlled drugs
(unless directed by CO or higher authority)

Question 10

General Principles of pharmacology

Answer 10

-The factors that affect the actions of drugs
-Factors that affect drug reactions
-various types of rug interactions
-factors influencing drug response

Question 11

Absorption

Answer 11

The transfer of the drug from the body fluids to the tissues

Question 12

What route of drug administration produces the most rapid response
than any other method

Answer 12

IV

Question 13

Pinocytosis

Answer 13

Cells engulf the drug particle across the cell membrane. pack man…

Question 14

Diffuse across a membrane from area of
higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

Answer 14

Passive absorption

Question 15

Carrier molecule such as a protein or enzyme actively moves the drug across the membrane.

Answer 15

Active absorption

Question 16

Drug levels in blood to produce desired effect.

Answer 16

Therapeutic effect

Question 17

Chemical reaction by with liver converts drug to inactive compound

Answer 17

Metabolism

Question 18

A patient with liver disease may require a ______dose of a
medication that is metabolized by the liver or a _____
medication that is not metabolized by the liver.

Answer 18

Lower, Different

Question 19

Elimination of drugs from the body.

Answer 19

Excretion

Question 20

Metabolism occurs where?

Answer 20

Liver, Kidneys, lungs, plasma, and intestinal mucosa

Question 21

Time required for the body to eliminate 50% of the drug.

Answer 21

Half - Life

Question 22

_____, _______, and old age can increase the half-life
increasing risk of toxicity.

Answer 22

Kidney, liver disease

Question 23

Drug’s actions and effects within the body

Answer 23

Pharmacodynamic

Question 24

2 parts of pharmacodynamics

Answer 24

(1) Primary or desired effect.
(2) Secondary effects (side effects) – desired or undesired.

Question 25

A compulsive need to use a substance repeatedly to avoid mild to severe withdrawal symptoms.

Answer 25

Physical dependence

Question 26

A compulsion to use a substance to obtain a pleasurable experience.

Answer 26

Psychological dependence

Question 27

A genetically determined abnormal response to normal doses of a drug.

Answer 27

Pharmacogenetic disorder

Question 28

A specialized macromolecule that binds to the drug molecule, altering the function of the cell and producing the therapeutic response.

Answer 28

Receptor

Question 29

Pregnancy Drug Rating A

Answer 29

Controlled Human studies show no risk

Question 30

Alteration of cell to achieve the desired response

Answer 30

Therapeutic Response

Question 31

Drug that binds with a receptor to produce the therapeutic response

Answer 31

Agonist

Question 32

Drug binds to receptor stronger than the agonist thus producing no pharmacologic effect Ex: Narcan vs morphine

Answer 32

Antagonist

Question 33

Undesirable drug effect

Answer 33

Adverse reaction:

Question 34

A drug reaction that occurs because the individual's immune system views the drug as a foreign substance.

Answer 34

Allergic reaction

Question 35

Any unusual or abnormal reaction to a drug that a patient can have, that do not occur in the vast majority of patients taking the same drug.

Answer 35

Drug idiosyncrasy

Question 36

A decreased response to a drug, requiring an increase in dosage to achieve the desired effect.

Answer 36

Drug tolerance

Question 37

A drug effect that occurs when the body has not fully metabolized a dose of a drug before the next dose is given

Answer 37

Cumulative drug effect

Question 38

A harmful drug effect if it is delivered in high dose or when blood concentration levels exceed therapeutic level (as seen in patients with Liver or Kidney disease)

Answer 38

Toxic

Question 39

Drug Toxicity May be reversible or irreversible depending on

Answer 39

organ/tissue damage

Question 40

The dissolution of a drug. Usually applying to the breakdown of tablets(Delayed release)

Answer 40

Pharmaceutic phase

Question 41

A reaction that occurs when the combined effect of two drugs is equal to the sum of each drug given alone.

Answer 41

Additive drug reaction

Question 42

A drug interaction that occurs when drugs produce an effect that is greater than the sum of their separate actions

Answer 42

Synergism

Question 43

When one drug interacts with or interferes with the action of another drug. Ex: Antacid with oral tetracycline decrease effectiveness of tetracycline.

Answer 43

Drug Interactions

Question 44

When one drug interferes with the action of another, causing neutralization or a decrease in the effect of one drug. Ex: Protamine sulfate completely neutralizes the effects of heparin.

Answer 44

Antagonist Drug Reaction

Question 45

Drug given orally, food may impair or enhance its absorption. -ex: Proton Pump Inhibitor should be taken 1 hour before meals.

Answer 45

Drug - Food Interactions

Question 46

Pregnancy Drug Rating B

Answer 46

No evidence of risk in studies (animal studies)

Question 47

Pregnancy Drug Rating C

Answer 47

Risk cannot be ruled out

Question 48

Pregnancy Drug Rating D

Answer 48

Positive evidence of risk benefits may outweigh the risk

Question 49

Pregnancy Drug Rating X

Answer 49

Contraindicated in pregnancy

Question 50

Women require smaller dose due to differences in ____ and _____ compared to men

Answer 50

fat and water ratio