Retroperitoneal Organs

Question 1

at what lvl does the abdominal aorta bifucate

Answer 1

Bifurcation at L4/L5

Question 2

What are the kidneys surrounded by and what lvl are they located at

Answer 2

Kidney surrounded by renal fascia w. fat in-between

Rib 12 divides post surface of kidney in two parts; above and bellow

Question 3

anteriorly what does the right kidney relate with

Answer 3

Ant surface relates to visceral surface of liver, right colic flexure, duodenum

Question 4

Anteriorly what does the left kidney relate with

Answer 4

Relates to spleen, body of pancreas, spleenich vessels, body of stomach, left colic flex and jejunal loops

Question 5

What exits the renal hilum (ant to post)

Answer 5

renal vein
Renal aa
Renal pelvis

Question 6

what parts of the kidney located wishin the renal pyramids and outside of them?

Answer 6

renal pyramids (darker)- collecting ducts + loops of Henly

Bw pyramids- bowmans capsule, convoluted tubules

Question 7

How many renal segments are there (+ names)

Answer 7

Apical
Anterosup
Anteroinf
Inferior
Post

Question 8

At what lvl does the ureter start at and what crosses it on way to bladder

Answer 8

L2(from the renal pelvis)

crossed by testicular artery and bifurcation of common iliac aa

Question 9

What 2 spots can kidney stones be trapped in in ureter

Answer 9

1. ureterpelvic junction

2. where lumbar part of ureter crosses over bifurcation of common iliac

Question 10

what aa supplies the kidney

Answer 10

Renal aa

can also be supplied by accessory renal aa

Question 11

What is the lumbar part of the ureter supplied by

Answer 11

branches of the renal aa (ureteric branches)

Question 12

Which renal aa is longer and why

Answer 12

R renal artery has to pass over lumbar spine behind inf vena cava and course next to renal vein. R renal artery is much longer compared to left.

Question 13

Which renal vein is longer

Answer 13

L renal vein has to cross midline to get to left kidney so left renal vein is much longer than r

Question 14

what aa supply suprarenal glands

Answer 14

• suprarenal (from inf phrenic)
• middle supra renal (abdominal aorta)
• infra suprarenal (renal aa)

Question 15

venous drainage of suprarenal glands r + l

Answer 15

R- straight into vena cava

L- to renal vein

Question 16

What occurs in nutcracker syndrome

Answer 16

The left renal vein is compressed by the superior mesenteric aa

will cause left back pain, ipsilat testi pain

Question 17

What ganglion and n innervates the kidney

Answer 17

Least splanchnic (from t12) to renal ganglion

Question 18

Pain from kidney damage etc will refer to what dermatome

Answer 18

Pain will refer to t12 dermatome IL

Question 19

what inn the suprarenal gland (sympathetic)

Answer 19

celiac ganglion, sup mesenteric ganglion and renal ganglion- greater, lesser and least splanchinic for suprarenal gland

Question 20

what is kidney stones due to diet wise

Answer 20

heavy in calcium or pro

Question 21

What is hydronephronis

Answer 21

Kidney blocks drainage of urine and increase volume of uric causes kidneys to fill with a lot of water

Question 22

What is horseshoe kidneys

Answer 22

Developmental error where inf poles of kidneys are united

Question 23

Where does the lymph come from that drains into the cisterns chyli

Answer 23

All lymphatic from LL and int organs (common iliac, lumbar lymph, sup/inf mesenteric, celiac)

Question 24

Where does the thoracic duct start and what does it drain into

Answer 24

Thoracic duct drain the cisterna chyli. Starts at t12/l1 goes thry abdominal hiuatus and gets to post mediastinum